UN Human Rights Treaties

UNITED NATIONS

A

General Assembly
PROVISIONAL
A/41/PV.97
11 December 1986
ENGLISH
Forty-first Session
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
PROVISIONAL VERBATIM RECORD OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH MEETING
Held at Headquarters, New York,
on Thursday, 4 December 1986, at 3 p.m.
President; Mr. FERM (Vice-President) (Sweden)
later*. Mr. DOS SANTOS (Vice-President) (Mozambique)
- Implementation of the Programs of Action for the Second Decade to Combat
Racism and Racial Discrimination; [83]
(a) Report of the Third Committee
(b) Report of the Fifth Committee

- Adverse consequences for the enjoyment of human rights of political, military, economic and other forms of assistance given to the racist and colonialist regime of South Africa; report of the Third Committee [84]
- Question of aging: report of the Third Committee [85]
- Policies and programs involving young people; Participation, Development, Peace: report of the Third Committee [86]
- Policies and programs relating to youth: report of the Third Committee [87]
This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English and interpretations of speeches in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the General Assembly.
Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should be sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned, within one week, to the Chief, Official Records Editing Section, Department of Conference Services, room DC2-750, 2 United Nations Plaza, and incorporated in a copy of the record.
86-64638/A 4546-47V (E)

la
Importance of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination and of the speedy granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights: report of the Third Committee [88]
Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination : report of the Third Committee [89]
Implementation of the World programs of Action concerning Disabled Persons and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons: [90]
(a) Report of the Third Committee
(b) Report of the Fifth Committee
Crime prevention and criminal justice: report of the Third Committee [91]
Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women: report of the Third Committee [92]
Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women to the year 2000: report of the Third Committee [93]
Elimination of all forms of religious intolerance: report of the Third Committee [94]
Human rights and scientific and technological developments: report of the Third Committee [95]
Question of a convention on the rights of the child: report of the Third Committee [96]
International Covenants on Human Rights: report of the Third Committee [97] • (continued)
Reporting obligations of States parties to United Nations conventions on human rights: report of the Third Committee [98]
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: report of the Third Committee [99]
International campaign against traffic in drugs: report of the Third Committee [100]
Alternative approaches and ways and means within the United Nations system for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms: report of the Third Committee [101]
New international humanitarian order: report of the Third Committee [102]

1b-z
- Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: report of the Third Committee [103]
- Report of the Economic and Social Council: [12] (continued)

(a) Report of the Third Committee
(b) Report of the Fifth Committee
- The situation in the Middle East: [37] (continued)
(a) Reports of the Secretary-General
(b) Draft resolutions

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2
In the absence of the President, Mr. Fern (Sweden), Vice-President, took the Chair.
The meeting was called to order at 3.25 p.m.
AGENDA ITEMS 83 to 96, 97 (continued), 98 to 103, and 12 (continued)
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE SECOND DECADE TO COMBAT RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION:
(a) REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/785)
(b) REPORT OF THE FIFTH COMMITTEE (A/41/832)
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE ENJOYMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF POLITICAL, MILITARY, ECONOMIC AND OTHER FORMS OF ASSISTANCE GIVEN TO THE RACIST AND COLONIALIST REGIME OF SOUTH AFRICA: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/786)
QUESTION OF AGING: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/798)
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES INVOLVING YOUNG PEOPLE: PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/799)
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES RELATING TO YOUTH: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/800)
IMPORTANCE OF THE UNIVERSAL REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO
SELF-DETERMINATION AND OF THE SPEEDY GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES FOR THE EFFECTIVE GUARANTEE AND OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/809)
ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION:. REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/793)
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD PROGRAMME OF ACTION CONCERNING DISABLED PERSONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS DECADE OF DISABLED PERSONS:
(a) REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/801)
(b) REPORT OF THE FIFTH COMMITTEE (A/41/833)
CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/802)
ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/819)
FORWARD-LOOKING STRATEGIES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN TO THE YEAR 2000: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/830)
ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OP RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/875)
HUMAN RIGHTS AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/876)

AP/pt

A/41/PV.97 3

QUESTION OP A CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/877)
INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS : REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/878)
REPORTING OBLIGATIONS OF STATES PARTIES TO UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/879)
OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/880 and Corr.1)
INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST TRAFFIC IN DRUGS: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/851)
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES AND WAYS AND MEANS WITHIN THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVE ENJOYMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/925 and Corr.1)
NEW INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ORDER: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/882)
TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT: REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (A/41/883)
REPORT OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL:
(a) REPORT OF THE THIRD COMMITTEE (PARTS I to III) (A/41/874 and Add.1 and 2)
(b) REPORT OF THE FIFTH COMMITTEE (A/41/940)
Mr. AGUILAR HECHT (Guatemala), Reporter of the Third Committee, presented the reports of that Committee (A/41/784 and Add.1 and 2, A/41/785, A/41/786, A/41/798, A/41/799, A/41/800, A/41/809, A/41/793, A/41/801, A/41/802, A/41/819, A/41/830, A/41/875, A/41/876, A/41/877, A/41/878, A/41/879, A/41/880 and Corr.l, A/41/851, A/41/925 and Corr.l, A/41/882 and A/41/883, and then spoke as follows:
Mr. AGUILAR HECHT (Guatemala), Reporter of the Third Committee
(interpretation from Spanish): I have the honors to introduce in the plenary
meeting of the General Assembly the reports of the Third Committee on agenda
items 12 and 83 to 103.
The report of the Third Committee on item 12 is in document A/41/874 and Add.1 and 2.

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(Mr. Aguilar Hecht, Reporter, Third Committee)
in paragraph 45 of part II of the report (A/41/874/Add.1) the Committee recommends to the General Assembly for adoption 14 draft resolutions. Draft resolutions I, II, III, IV, V, VII, IX, X, XII, XIII and XIV were adopted by the Committee without a vote. Draft resolutions VI, VIII and XI were adopted by recorded votes.
In part III of the report (A/41/874/Add.2) the Committee recommends to the General Assembly for adoption 12 draft resolutions and 3 draft decisions. Draft resolutions I, III, IV, V and XI were adopted without a vote. Draft resolutions II, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XII were adopted by the Committee by recorded votes. The three draft decisions were adopted without a vote.
In operative paragraph 3 of draft resolution VI the word "peoples", should be "people".
In paragraph 9, of the report on item 83 (A/41/785) the Committee recommends to the General Assembly for adoption a draft resolution which was adopted by the Committee without a vote.
In paragraph 10 of the report on item 84 (A/41/786) the Committee recommends a draft resolution to the General Assembly for adoption. The Committee decided by recorded vote to retain the tenth preambles paragraph and operative paragraph 3 of the draft resolution and the draft as a whole was adopted by the Committee also by a recorded vote.
In paragraph 16 of the report on agenda item 85 (A/41/798) the Committee recommends a draft resolution to the General Assembly for adoption and in paragraph 17 it recommends for adoption a draft decision. The draft resolution and the draft decision were adopted without a vote by the Committee.

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(Mr. Aguilar Hecht, Rapporteur, Third Committee)
In paragraph 12 of the report on agenda item 86 (A/41/799) the Committee recommends to the General Assembly that it adopt two draft resolutions, and in paragraph 13, it recommends the adoption of a draft decision. The draft resolution and the draft decision were adopted by the Committee without a vote.
In paragraph 9 of the report on agenda item 87 (A/41/800) the Committee recommends a draft resolution, which was adopted by the Committee without a vote, for adoption by the Assembly.
In paragraph 24 of its report on agenda item 88 (A/41/809) the Committee recommends that the Assembly adopt three draft resolutions. Draft resolution I was adopted by the Committee without a vote. Draft resolution II was adopted by a recorded vote. The third preamble paragraph and paragraphs 1 and 6 of the operative part of draft resolution III were by recorded vote and the draft resolution, as a whole, was adopted by a recorded vote.

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(Mr. Aguilar Hecht, Reporter, Third Committee)
In paragraph 20 of its report (A/41/793) on item 89, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of three draft resolutions. The fifth preamble paragraph and operative paragraphs 5 and 8 of draft resolution I were retained by recorded votes, and the draft resolution as a whole was adopted by a recorded vote. Draft resolutions II and III were adopted by the Committee without votes.
In paragraph 10 of its report (A/41/801) on item 90, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution which it adopted without a vote.
In paragraph 9 of its report (A/41/802) on item 91, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution which, again, the Committee approved without a vote.
In paragraph 7 of its report (A/41/819) on item 92, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution which was also adopted by the Committee without a vote.
In paragraph 23 of its report (A/41/830) on item 93, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of three draft resolutions which it adopted without votes. In paragraph 24, the Committee recommends the adoption of a draft decision which was also adopted by the Committee without & vote.
In paragraph 9 of its report (A/41/875) on item 94, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution that it adopted without a vote.
In paragraph 13 of its report (A/41/876) on item 95, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of three draft resolutions. Draft resolutions I and III were adopted by the Committee by recorded votes: draft resolution II was adopted without a vote.
In paragraph 8 of its report (A/41/877) on item 96, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution which it adopted without a vote.

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(Mr. Aguilar Hecht, Reporter, Third Committee)
In paragraph 21 of its report (A/41/878) on item 97, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of four draft resolutions. The ninth preamble paragraph of draft resolution I was retained by a recorded vote; the draft resolution as a whole was also adopted by a recorded vote. Draft resolutions II, II and IV were adopted by the Committee without votes.
In paragraph 9 of its report (A/41/879) on item 98, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft resolution that it adopted without a vote. In paragraph 19 of its report (A/41/880 and Corr.1) on item 99, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of three draft resolutions, and in paragraph 20, it recommends the adoption of two draft decisions. Draft resolutions I and III were adopted by the Committee without votes; draft resolution II was adopted by a recorded vote; the two draft decisions were adopted by the Committee without votes.
In paragraph 18 of its report (A/41/851) on item 100, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of three draft. resolutions, which the Committee adopted without votes. In paragraph 19 it recommends the adoption of a draft decision which was also adopted without a vote by the Committee. A correction should be made in draft resolution III: the phrase "illicit traffic" in the seventh preamble paragraph should read: "illicit transit traffic".
In paragraph 34 of its report (A/41/925 and Corr.1) on item 101, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of five draft resolutions; and in paragraph 35 it recommends the adoption of a draft decision. Draft resolution I was adopted by the Committee by a recorded vote; draft resolutions II and III were adopted without votes. The seventh preamble paragraph and operative paragraph 8 of draft resolution IV were retained by recorded votes, and the draft resolution

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8-10
(Mr. Aguilar Hecht, Reporter, Third Committee)
as a whole was also adopted by a recorded vote: draft resolution V was adopted by
the Committee by a recorded vote. The Committee adopted, also by a recorded vote,
a draft that appears in the report as a draft decision; a correction must be made
here, since in the Committee it was adopted as a draft resolution, at the
suggestion of the delegation of Pakistan.
In paragraph 6 of its report (A/41/882) on item 102, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of a draft decision which it adopted without a vote.
In paragraph 10 of its report (A/41/883) on item 103, the Committee recommends to the Assembly the adoption of two draft resolutions that it approved without votes.
Thus, the Third Committee recommends to the General Assembly for adoption 68 draft resolutions, 46 adopted by the Committee without votes, and 21 by recorded votes; and 10 draft decisions, nine adopted without votes and one by a recorded vote.
It was a pleasure for me to serve as Reporter of the Third Committee. 1 wish all my friends and colleagues a Merry Christmas and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.

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The PRESIDENT: If there is no proposal under rule 66 of the rules of procedure, I shall take it that the General Assembly decides not to discuss the reports of the Third Committee. It was so decided.
The PRESIDENT: Statements will therefore be limited to explanations of vote.
The positions of delegations regarding the various recommendations of the Third Committee have been made clear in the Committee and are reflected in the relevant official records.
May I remind members that, in paragraph 7 of its decision 34/401, the General Assembly decided that
"When the same draft resolution is considered in a Main Committee and in
plenary meeting, a delegation should, as far as possible, explain its vote
only once, i.e. either in the Committee or in plenary meeting unless that
delegation's vote in plenary meeting is different from its vote in the
Committee."
May I also remind members that, in accordance with the same decision, explanations of vote are limited to 10 minutes and should be made by delegations from their seats.
I now invite representatives to turn their attention to the Third Committee's reports.
First, the Assembly will consider the report in document A/41/785 on agenda item 83, entitled "Implementation of the programs of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination".
The Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution entitled "Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination".

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(The President) The Fifth Committee's report on the programs budget implications of that draft resolution is contained in document A/41/832.
The draft resolution was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same? The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/94).
The PRESIDENT: I shall now call on representatives who wish to explain their position.
Miss BYRNE (united States of America): My delegation wishes to record that the United States did not participate in the plenary action on the implementation of the programs of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination.
Mr. DOWEK (Israel): My delegation did not participate in the decision on the draft resolution just adopted.
The PRESIDENT; That concludes our consideration of agenda item 83. The Assembly will now turn to the Third Committee's report (A/41/786) on agenda item 84, entitled "Adverse consequences for the enjoyment of human rights of political, military, economic and other forms of assistance given to the racist and colonialist regime of South Africa".
I call on the representative of Lesotho who wishes to explain his vote. Mr. MAKEKA (Lesotho): My delegation would like to explain its vote before the vote on this draft resolution; this explanation is applicable also to other similarly worded draft resolutions.
It is always difficult for my delegation to vote for draft resolutions on Questions of the imposition of sanctions against South Africa, for the reason that we have explained before, namely that we are not in a position to impose such sanctions. In the circumstances, my delegation will abstain in the vote on such draft resolutions or paragraphs thereof to that effect.

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A/41/PV.97 13

The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 1o of its report.
A separate, recorded vote has been requested on its tenth preamble paragraph and operative paragraph 3 together.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favors: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Belgium, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, united States of America
Abstaining: Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Central African Republic, Cote d'lvoire, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guatemala, Japan, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Singapore, Swaziland, Togo, Uruguay, Zaire
The tenth preamble paragraph and operative paragraph 3 were retained by 88 votes to 28, with 32 abstentions.*
*Subsequently the delegations of Cameroon and Gambia advised the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favor; the delegation of Costa Rica had intended to vote against.

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A/41/PV.97 14-15

The PRESIDENT: I now put to the vote the draft resolution as a whole. A
recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Belgium, Cameroon, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Bhutan, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Malawi, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden
The draft resolution, as a whole, was adopted by 126 votes to 10, with 17 abstentions (resolution 41/95).*
The PRESIDENT: This concludes our consideration of agenda item 84.
*Subsequently the delegations of Bhutan and Vanuatu advised the Secretariat that they had intended to vote in favors; the delegation of Costa Rica had intended to abstain.

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The PRESIDENT; The General Assembly will now consider the report of the Third Committee on Agenda item 85, entitled "Question of Aging" contained in document A/41/798.
The Assembly will now proceed to take a decision on the draft resolution and the draft decision contained in paragraphs 16 and 17, respectively, of the report of the Third Committee (document A/41/798).
The draft resolution contained in paragraph 16, entitled "Question of Aging", was adopted by the Committee without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/96).
The PRESIDENT; the draft decision contained in paragraph 17 concerning the implementation of the International Plan of Action on Aging was adopted by the Committee.
May I take it that the General Assembly also wishes to adopt that draft decision?
The draft decision was adopted.
The PRESIDENT; This concludes our consideration of agenda item 85.
We turn next to the report of the Third Committee on agenda item 86, entitled "Policies and programs involving young people: participation, development, peace" (document A/41/799).
The Assembly will now proceed to take a decision on the two draft resolutions and one draft decision contained in paragraphs 12 and 13, respectively, of the report of the Third Committee (document A/41/799).
Draft Resolution I, entitled "Policies and programs involving young people; participation, development, peace", was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote.

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(The President)
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/97).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution II, entitled "Efforts and measures for securing the implementation and the enjoyment by youth of Human Rights, particularly the right to education and to work", was also adopted by the Third Committee without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/98).
The PRESIDENT; The draft decision, entitled "Policies and programmes involving youth" was adopted by the Third Committee.
May I take it that the General Assembly wished to do the same?
The draft decision was adopted.
The PRESIDENT: The Assembly has thus concluded its consideration of agenda item 86.
We shall now consider the report of the Third Committee on agenda item 87, concerning the policies and programs relating to youth (document A/41/800).
I now put before the Assembly the recommendations of the Third Committee contained in paragraph 9 of its report.
The draft resolution, entitled "Channels of communication between the United Nations and youth and youth organizations", was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly wished to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/99).
The PRESIDENT: We have therefore concluded our consideration of agenda item 87.

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(The President)
The Assembly will now consider the report of the Third Committee on agenda item 88, entitled "Importance of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination and of the speedy granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights" (document A/41/809).
I shall now call on the representative of Suriname, who wishes to explain his delegation's vote.
Mr. VREEDZAAM (Suriname) : The Government of the Republic of Suriname, being a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, attaches great importance to the struggle against mercenaries.
My delegation therefore regrets that the Ad Hoc Committee was unable to discharge its mandate in 1986, due to the financial crisis of the United Nations, while at the same time the activities of mercenaries in destabilizing or overthrowing Governments and impeding the struggle of liberation movements against colonial or foreign domination were constantly increasing.
The Government of Suriname is at this very moment facing mercenary activities in the eastern part of the country. These activities are of such a nature and degree that the Government is forced to divert its attention from the development of the country to occupy itself fully with the actual fight against mercenaries.
For this reason, we urge all States to take the necessary measures to prohibit the recruitment, financing, training and transit of mercenaries on their territories and to see to it that their nationals are not used for the purposes mentioned.

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(Mr. Vreedzaam, Suriname)
We fully share the opinion of those who state that mercenaries have no principles or morals.
Since mercenaries is a violation of the sovereign equality, political independence and territorial integrity of States and the right of people to self-determination, the Ad Hoc Committee should henceforth be accorded all necessary funds in order to enable it to discharge its mandate.
The delegation of Suriname will join in the adoption of this draft resolution without any reservation, since we are of the opinion that the struggle against mercenaries can only be successful through the concerted action of all peace-loving States.
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now take a decision on the three draft resolutions recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 24 of its report (document A/41/809).
The Assembly will first take a decision on draft resolution I, entitled "Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination".
The Third Committee adopted draft resolution I without a vote.
May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?

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A/41/PV.97 21

(The President)
The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution II entitled "Importance of the
universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination and of the
speedy granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples for the effective
guarantee and observance of human rights". A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, EI Salvador, Finland,
France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Austria, Costa Rica, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Japan, Paraguay, Portugal, Samoa, Spain
Draft resolution II was adopted by 126 votes to 18, with 12 abstentions
(resolution 41/101).

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The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now take a decision on draft
resolution III entitled "Use of mercenaries as a means to violate human rights and
to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination". A separate
vote has been requested on operative paragraph 6 of draft resolution III. A
recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, united Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, EI Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Central African Republic, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Indonesia, Israel, Mauritius, Oman, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Turkey
Operative paragraph 6 of draft resolution III was adopted by 108 votes to 24, with 17 abstentions. " "
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution III as a whole. A recorded vote has been requested.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Belgium, EI Salvador, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of,
Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, united States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Mauritius, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Paraguay, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden
Draft resolution III, as a whole, was adopted by 120 votes to 11, with 23 abstentions (resolution 41/102).
The PRESIDENT: I shall now call on those delegations which wish to explain their votes.
Mrs. CHIMELA (Botswana): My delegation voted in favour of the resolution under item 84 and resolution II under item 88. We reserve our position on paragraph 5 of the former and paragraph 24 of the latter, pertaining to sanctions.
Botswana is not capable of imposing sanctions on South Africa, but will not stand in the way of those who can and decide to do so. Those countries which can,

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(Mrs. Chimela, Botswana)
but will not impose sanctions on that country, must not use us as an excuse for
their inaction.
Mrs. CASTRO de BARISH (Costa Rica) (interpretation from Spanish): My
delegation wishes to affirm its unswerving support for the principle of the
self-determination of peoples and the exercise of that right by all. Nevertheless,
we abstained when voting on draft resolutions II and III under item 88 in document
A/41/809, because of the singling out of countries in some of it paragraphs. We
could have voted in favor of draft resolution II, paragraph 31, except for the
sentence in which a single country is mentioned in this regard. Otherwise, we
would have voted in favor of the draft resolution.
With regard to draft resolution III, on the use of mercenaries, that draft resolution too singles out Central America, when there are so many other places in the world where this scourge has adversely affected the enjoyment of this very important right of self-determination.
In the Third Committee we did not participate in the preparation of this draft resolution, but we decided to abstain in plenary. However, we voted in favour of the idea contained in this text, as embodied in the resolution in document 1986/43 of the Economic and social Council, as well as in the Sixth Committee, in the vote on the resolution regarding the draft international convention on mercenaries, thus showing our support for United Nations efforts to reverse this trend so harmful to all countries.
The PRESIDENT; We have thus concluded our consideration of agenda item 88.
I would like to draw the Assembly's attention to the report of the Third Committee on agenda item 89, which is entitled "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination (A/41/793). The Assembly will now take a decision on the three draft resolutions recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 22 of its report.

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(The President)
Draft resolution I relates to the status of the International Convention on
the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. Separate votes have been
requested on the fifth preamble paragraph, operative paragraph 5 and operative
paragraph 8 of draft resolution I. As there appears to be no objection to that
request, I first put to the vote the fifth preamble paragraph of draft
resolution I. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, union of Soviet Socialist Republics, united Arab Emirates, united Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Brazil, Fiji, Finland, Jamaica, Japan, Malawi, Mauritius, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sweden, Uruguay
The fifth preamble paragraph of draft resolution I was adopted by 117 votes to 16, with 17 abstentions.

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The PRESIDENT; I now put to the vote operative paragraph 5 of draft
resolution I. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Honduras, Jamaica, Malawi, Mauritius, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Sweden
Operative paragraph 5 of draft resolution I was adopted by 120 votes to 17, with 15 abstentions.*
*Subsequently the delegation of Samoa advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor.

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The PRESIDENT; Next, I shall put to the vote operative paragraph 8 of
draft resolution I. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, C6te d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Ei Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Honduras, Japan, Malawi, Mauritius, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Sweden
Operative paragraph 8 of draft resolution I was adopted by 121 votes to 15, with 16 abstentions,*
*Subsequently the delegation of Samoa advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor.

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The PRESIDENT: I shall now put to the vote draft resolution I as a
whole. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, C6te d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, united Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; United States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mauritius, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution I, as a whole, was adopted by 128 votes to 1, with

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A/41/PV.97 30-35

The PRESIDENT: We turn now to draft resolution II, entitled "Status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination". Draft resolution II was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to adopt that draft resolution?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/104).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III is entitled "Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination". That draft resolution too was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/105).
The PRESIDENT: In paragraph 5 (a) of the resolution on the Committee or the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, which has just been adopted, the General Assembly requests the Secretary-General
"To consider making an urgent appeal, by telex, to States parties to fulfill their financial obligations in relation to the Committee in order to enable it to resume its work".
That request was prompted by the fact that, notwithstanding repeated appeals made by the Secretary-General and the Secretariat as well as by the States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, a number of States have still not paid their assessed contribution. At the same time, the serious financial situation of the United Nations has not permitted the advancement of funds from the United Nations, as was done in the past, to enable the Committee to meet. Accordingly, if payment is not made in the near future and if the arrears are not covered, yet another session of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination will have to be cancelled, which, in my view, would be detrimental to the cause of combating racial discrimination.

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(The President)
The commitment to racial equality is one of the pillars of the Charter. Since its inception the Organization has developed strategies to eliminate gradually the vestiges of racism and racial discrimination in the world. The most recent effort! of the United Nations were reflected in the proclamation of the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, which started on Human Rights Day in 1983, and which comprises a concrete programs of action on which the Organization has embarked.
At the core of all relevant international action is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which entered into force on 4 January 1969 and is the most widely ratified treaty among all human rights instruments. The Convention, inspired as it is by the principles of the Charter, remains the centerpiece of the Organization's long-term strategy to eradicate racial discrimination and prevent this phenomenon from occurring in the future.
The organ entrusted with monitoring the implementation of the Convention is precisely the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, which over the years has engaged in a dialogue with the States parties on their laws and practices and their efforts to prevent and stop discriminatory practices. If the Committee cannot meet in the future the dialogue with states parties will be interrupted and important work on behalf of human rights will come to a standstill. Such a situation cannot be allowed to develop.
Accordingly, I wish to use this occasion to launch, on behalf of the Secretary-General and myself, a solemn appeal to each State party which has not paid its assessed contribution under the Convention to make payment before the end of the year, so as to enable the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to meet at its next session as scheduled on 27 March 1987. The

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(The President)
present appeal will be communicated to the States parties which are in arrears, and
I sincerely hope that it will be heeded.
We have concluded our consideration of agenda item 89.
The Assembly will now turn to the report of the Third Committee (A/41/801) on agenda item 90, "Implementation of the World programs of Action concerning Disabled Persons and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons".
The Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 10 of its report (A/41/801). The report of the Fifth Committee on the programs budget implications of that draft resolution is in document A/41/833.
The Third Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/106).
The PRESIDENT: This concludes our consideration of agenda item 90.
The Assembly will now turn to the report (A/41/802) agenda item 91, entitled "Crime prevention and criminal justice".
The Assembly will take a decision on the draft resolution contained in paragraph 9 of the report (A/41/802).
The Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/107).
The PRESIDENT; This concludes our consideration of agenda item 91.
The Assembly will next turn its attention to agenda item 92, entitled "Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women".

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(The President)
The Assembly has to take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 7 of its report (A/41/819).
The draft resolution, entitled "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women", was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to adopt it?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/108) .
The PRESIDENT: We have concluded our consideration of agenda item 92.
Next we shall consider the report of the Third Committee (A/41/830) on agenda item 93, entitled "Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women to the year 2000".
The Assembly will take a decision on the three draft resolutions and the draft decision recommended by the Third Committee in paragraphs 22 and 23, respectively, of its report (A/41/830).
Draft resolution I is entitled "Participation of women in promoting international peace and co-operation". The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/109).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution II is entitled "The role of women in society". The Third Committee also adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/110).

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The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III is entitled "Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women". The Committee adopted it without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/111).
The PRESIDENT: The draft decision, which is in paragraph 24, relates to the report of the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme on the activities of the United Nations Development Fund for Women.
The Third Committee recommended that the Assembly take note of the report. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do so?
The draft decision was adopted.
The PRESIDENT: We have thus concluded our consideration of agenda item 93.
The Assembly will now consider the report of the Third Committee (a/41/875) on agenda item 94, entitled "Elimination of all forms of religious intolerance" (A/41/875).
The Assembly has to take a decision on the draft resolution in paragraph 9 of the report (A/41/875).
The Third Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/112).
The PRESIDENT: We have concluded our consideration of agenda item 94.
Next we turn to the report of the Third Committee (A/41/876) on agenda item 95, entitled "Human rights and scientific and technological developments". The recommendations of the Third Committee are in paragraph 13 of its report (A/41/876) .

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A/41/PV.97 40
(The President) The Assembly will first take a decision on draft resolution I, entitled "Human
rights and use of scientific and technological developments". A recorded vote has
been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Israel,
Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland,
Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey
Draft resolution I was adopted by 129 votes to 10, with 15 abstentions (resolution 41/113).

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A/41/PV.97 41

The PRESIDENT: We turn next to draft resolution II, entitled
"Implications of scientific and technological developments for human rights".
The Third Committee adopted draft resolution II without a vote. May I
consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/114).
The PRESIDENT: We turn now to draft resolution III, entitled "Human
rights and scientific and technological developments". Here a recorded vote has
been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, united Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; None

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A/41/PV.97 42

Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Draft resolution III was adopted by 131 votes to none, with 24 abstentions (resolution 41/115).
The PRESIDENT; We have concluded our consideration of agenda item 95.
The Assembly will now turn its attention to agenda item 96, entitled "Question of a convention on the rights of the child" in document A/41/877.
The Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 8 of its report.
The Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/116).
The PRESIDENT; I now call on the representative of the United States of America who wishes to explain her position.
Miss BYRNE (United States of America): My delegation joined the consensus on the draft resolution contained in document A/41/877 on the Question of a convention on the rights of the child.
We wish to state for the record, however, that we find the description in the sixth preambular paragraph of a convention on the rights of the child as "a standard-setting accomplishment" to be premature. The final content of the convention, as well as the convention's acceptance by Member States, has yet to be established. Calling the convention "a standard-setting accomplishment" now awards the convention a status it has not yet earned.
In any event, my delegation views the convention on the rights of the child as binding only on the signatories to the convention.

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The PRESIDENT; We have now concluded our consideration of agenda item 96.
The Assembly will now consider the report of the Third Committee on agenda item 97, entitled "International covenants on human rights" in document A/41/878.
The Assembly will now take a decision on the four draft resolutions recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 21 of its report.
Draft resolution I is entitled "Indivisibility and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights".
A separate vote has been requested on the ninth preamble paragraph of draft resolution I. Is there any objection to that request? I see none.
I shall therefore first put to the vote the ninth preamble paragraph of draft resolution I. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

MLG/pt

A/41/PV.97 44

Against: Belgium, Canada, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden
The ninth preambular paragraph of draft resolution I was adopted by 131 votes to 9. with 15 abstentions.
The PRESIDENT: I shall now put to the vote draft resolution I as a
whole, A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: United States of America

MLG/pt

A/41/PV.97 45

Abstaining; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution I was adopted by 129 votes to 1, with 25 abstentions (resolution 41/117).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution II concerns the efforts and measures for
promoting eradication of illiteracy.
The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/118).

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The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III deals with the International Covenants on Human Rights. The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same? Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/119).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution IV concerns setting international standards in the field of human rights. The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution IV was adopted (resolution 41/120).
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly has concluded its consideration of agenda item 97.
The Assembly will now consider the report of the’ Third Committee (A/41/879) on agenda item 98, entitled "Reporting obligations of States parties to United Nations conventions on human rights".
The Assembly will take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 9 of its report. The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
The draft resolution was adopted (resolution 41/121).
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly has concluded its consideration of agenda item 98.
The next agenda item is item 99, entitled "Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", and the report of the Third Committee is in document A/41/880 and Corr.1.
The Assembly will now take a decision on the recommendations of the Third Committee, which are in paragraphs 19 and 20 of its report. We shall turn first to the draft resolutions in paragraph 19 of the report.

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A/41/PV.97 47

(The President)
Draft resolution I is entitled "Second International Conference on Assistance
to Refugees in Africa". The Third Committee adopted draft resolution I without a
vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/122).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution II is entitled "Measures of assistance
provided to South African and Namibian refugee women and children". A recorded
vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates," United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; United States of America

EH/ljb

A/41/PV.97 48

Abstaining; Belgium, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution II was adopted by 147 votes to 1, with 8 abstentions (resolution 41/123).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III is entitled "Office of the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees". The Third Committee adopted draft
resolution III without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to
do likewise?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/124).
The PRESIDENT; We now come to the draft decisions in paragraph 20 of the report of the Third Committee (A/41/880).
The Third Committee recommends in draft decision I that the Assembly decide to take note of the report of the Joint Inspection Unit on the role of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Africa and of the comments of the Secretary-General on that report. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to adopt that draft decision?
Draft decision I was adopted.
The PRESIDENT; Next we turn to draft decision II, which deals with the deferral of consideration of the draft resolution entitled "International procedures for the protection of refugees" until the forty-second of the General Assembly, in order to permit consultations to be held on the draft resolution. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to adopt this draft decision?
Draft decision II was adopted.
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly has concluded its consideration of agenda item 99.
The Assembly will now consider the report of the Third Committee (A/41/851) on agenda item 100, entitled "International campaign against traffic in drugs".

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(The President)
The Assembly has to take decisions on the three draft resolutions and the draft
decision recommended by the Third Committee in paragraphs 18 and 19, respectively,
of its report.
Draft resolution I is entitled "International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking". The Third Committee adopted it without a vote. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/125).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution II, entitled "Preparation of a draft convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", was also adopted by the Committee without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to adopt it?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/126).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution III deals with the international campaign against traffic in drugs. The Committee adopted it without a vote. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/127).
The PRESIDENT: The draft decision in paragraph 19 concerns the report of the Secretary-General on action taken pursuant to General Assembly resolution 40/120. In it the Third Committee recommends that the Assembly take note of the report. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do so?
The draft decision was adopted.

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The PRESIDENT; The Assembly has thus concluded its consideration of agenda item 100.
The Assembly will now turn to the report of the Third Committee (A/41/925 and Corr.l) on agenda item 101, entitled "Alternative approaches and ways and means within the United Nations system for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms".
I shall first call upon those delegations that wish to explain their vote before the voting.

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A/41/PV.97 56

Miss DANIELSEN (Norway): I should like to explain the vote of Norway on draft resolution I contained in document A/41/925.
It is indeed an important task of the united Nations to search constantly for new ways and means to strengthen the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenants on human rights are the cornerstones of the work of the United Nations in the field of human rights. The concept of human rights comprises civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights. Norway has followed with keen interest the initiative within the Commission on Human Rights to explore the concept of the right to development. We regret that it was not possible to reach a consensus on the Declaration proposed despite sincere efforts by some delegations.
Given the present reality in the world with substantial economic disparities, there is little doubt that international co-operation aimed at improving the living conditions of people in developing countries is necessary. We reiterate, on this occasion, our willingness to participate actively in efforts to establish a just international economic order.
Norway takes a serious interest in addressing the questions of human rights and development. Therefore, we shall vote for the draft resolution I in document A/41/925.
The draft declaration on the right to development contains positive elements relating to the role of the individual in the development process. It also affirms that comprehensive development cannot be conceived without full observance of civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights.
Nevertheless, Norway has a number of reservations to the text in its present form, we are of the opinion that the questions of human rights would be ill-conceived if the rights of states became a primary concern in the field of

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(Miss Danielsen, Norway)
human rights. What we are most urgently concerned about it the Question of
safeguarding the integrity of the human person against oppression and abuse of
power by state authorities that have repercussions as regards the enjoyment both of
civil and political rights, and of social, economic and cultural rights. Besides
severe denial of civil and political rights, oppression in many cases results in
sharpened economic subjugation and unjust distribution of national wealth. We are
afraid that by elevating the right to development to an inalienable human right we
may jeopardize the rights of the human person against oppression by state
authorities. We are also anxious that arguments on the ground of national
sovereignty, national unity, territorial integrity, threats of war may take an
upper hand in justifying human rights violations, and it may be difficult to
balance the rights of the individual against national interests.
Despite these reservations, we shall support the proposed declaration. We
shall do so in the hope that the issue of the right to development will evolve in a
direction which would make room for our concerns, and that the declaration will
prove to become a constructive addition to the efforts of the United Nations to
promote and protect human rights.
The PRESIDENT; I call on the representative of Pakistan on a point of
order.
Mr. BASHIR (Pakistan): I should like to draw the attention of the President to a technical error in the report, to be found in paragraphs 10 and 35. As the Reporter of the Third Committee pointed out in his introduction of the Committee's report, the Third Committee adopted a proposal submitted by Pakistan, in document A/C.3/41/L.5, which became a draft resolution. However, the report before us states in paragraph 35 that it is a draft decision. As pointed out by the Reporter, we feel that this should be corrected. Moreover, since this draft

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(Mr. Bashir, Pakistan)
resolution was adopted immediately after the one which is reflected in draft
resolution I of the report, we request that the draft resolution contained in
paragraph 35 of the report should become draft resolution II of the report.
The PRESIDENT; what is now referred to in paragraph 35 as "draft
decision" will be corrected to read "draft resolution". With respect to the voting
procedure, if it is acceptable, I intend to keep to the order set out in the report.
Mr. ALBAN-HOLGUIN (Colombia) (interpretation from Spanish): Draft
resolution V in document A/41/925, which we are now considering, is a well-balanced
text. Its substance will no doubt have an effect in promoting the means to ensure
full respect for human rights.
The text originally submitted for consideration in the Committee was an unbalanced text, a distillation of the ideological bible on economic matters of one of the super-Powers and hence difficult to accept, for a largely Catholic country such as Colombia which because of its beliefs and moral principles, must bear in mind the importance of the social function of ownership.
The original draft resolution was, of course, amended by a very large number of other proposals, which were equally unbalanced, arbitrary distillations of ill-digested Marxist economic principles drafted by the other super-Power and each of its satellites.

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(Mr. Alban-Holguin, Colombia)
The result of such unnecessary ideological confrontation was an exercise of
repeated votes which confused the Committee, and led many to give their views not
on its substance, because it was not possible to make a rational assessment of it,
but rather on procedure, which led perforce to ideological alignment. This forum
was designed so that after a debate, where every delegation would express its
interests and beliefs on specific problems, solutions acceptable to all could be
identified so that in the quest for compromise, understanding and trust among
peoples would increase, rather than being destroyed through disrespect for the
mighty. This dangerous game, which clearly dulls the luster of the United Nations
was seen in evidence not only with regard to the resolution which we are now
considering, but also with regard to other texts supposedly designed to provide
solutions to human rights problems, whose extreme politicization ruled out any
possible objective consideration of the proposals made.
Fortunately, they were withdrawn at the request of one of the countries in the
Organization which is a real example of non-alignment. This document contains, as
well as the draft resolution we have just referred to, which Colombia will vote for
although it strongly rejects the procedure that produced it, another text whose
importance will be recognized in the annals of the history of the United Nations a
one of the major achievements of the Organization: the adoption, virtually by
consensus, of the Declaration on the Right to Development.
This means that at last there is universal recognition of this right, which is
synonymous with the very possibility of the dignity of the human person, and
synonymous with peace. The effective negotiation of this Declaration is the
exception that proves the rule we have just described.

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(Mr. Alban-Holguin, Colombia) Here, several of the non-aligned countries gave clear proof that they understood the importance of consensus on a proposal of vital importance for all, and refrained from submitting amendments that might prevent its more universal acceptance. Unfortunately some countries, very few, and strangely enough precisely those who claim a special right to make protestations about human rights violations throughout the world, without looking very far into their possible causes - perhaps in order to avoid acceptance of any responsibility for such violations - are unable to recognize the right to development. Some of them even go so far as to oppose recognition of such a right.
The delegation of Colombia trusts that the obvious justice of the text before us will end by convincing those countries of the inexorable need to accept it. My delegation wishes to express gratitude to the delegation of Yugoslavia, especially to Ambassador Tillich, for her patient and effective work of negotiations, designed to preserve the integrity of a text which represents years of study directed to achieving a well-balanced pronouncement on the right to development.
Adoption of the Declaration on the Right to Development is one of the major achievements of the current session of the General Assembly and is a tribute by the United Nations to an issue which is of such importance to the international community: the principle of respect for human rights.
Mr. WIJEWARDANE (Sri Lanka) : My delegation has, after the vote in the Third Committee, had time to examine the implications of draft resolution v on respect for the right of everyone to own property alone as well as in association with others and its contribution to the economic and social development of member States, as contained in document A/41/925.

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(Mr. Wijewardane, Sri Lanka)
We find that the resolution is in accord with the laws and practices of my country. The Constitution of Sri Lanka affirms the right of individuals to own property, and they cannot be deprived of their rights without adequate compensation duly assessed and paid to them. Government property earlier made available only as lease-hold property is now being vested in present cultivators under free-hold title.
In the same connection I wish to add that, under the million houses building programmes, launched in Sri Lanka under the aegis of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, citizens are being encouraged to own their own houses and property. This is yet another step being taken in our development strategy to attract private investment both in our free-trade zones and elsewhere in the country.
My delegation therefore will cast an affirmative vote on resolution V on the right of everyone to own property alone as well as in association with others.
The PRESIDENT: This concludes the explanations of vote before the voting.
We will now take a decision on the recommendations of the Third Committee and take up the draft resolutions contained in paragraphs 34 and 35 of the report.

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A/41/PV.97 64

A recorded vote was taken.
In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's. Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: United States of America
Abstaining: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, united Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution I was adopted by 146 votes to 1, with 8 abstentions (resolution 41/128).*
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution II deals with national institutions for
the protection and promotion of human rights.
*Subsequently the delegation of Vanuatu advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor.

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(The President)
The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I
consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/129).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III concerns the development of public
information activities in the field of human rights.
The Third Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote.
May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/130).

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The PRESIDENT; We turn next to draft resolution IV, "Alternative approaches and ways and means within the United Nations system for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms."
Separate, recorded votes have been requested on the seventh preambular paragraph and operative paragraph 8 of draft resolution IV. I hear no objection, so I shall put the seventh preambular paragraph to the vote first.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Prance, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jaroahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; United States of America
Abstaining. Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The seventh preambular paragraph of draft resolution IV was adopted by 138 votes to 1, with 15 abstentions.

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The PRESIDENT; I now put to the vote operative paragraph 8 of draft
resolution IV.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambicrue, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; United States of America
Abstaining; Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Operative paragraph 8 of draft resolution IV was adopted by 141 votes to 1, with 14 abstentions.*
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution IV as a
whole. A recorded vote has been requested.
*Subsequently the delegation of Norway advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: United States of America
Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution IV, as a whole, was adopted by 134 votes to 1, with 21 abstentions (resolution 41/131).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution V deals with the respect for the right
of everyone to own property alone as well as in association with others and its
contribution to the economic and social development of Member States. A recorded
vote has been requested.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, united States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire
Against: None
Abstaining: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, German Democratic Republic, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Draft resolution V was adopted by 109 votes to none, with 41 abstentions (resolution 41/132).*
*Subsequently, the delegation of Vanuatu advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor; the delegation of Democratic Yemen had intended to abstain.

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The PRESIDENT: The Assembly will now take up the recommendation of the
Third Committee in paragraph 35 of its report (A/41/925 and Corr.l). According to
the correction made earlier by the representative of Pakistan, that recommendation
is, in fact, draft resolution VI, not a draft decision. Draft resolution VI is
entitled "Right to development." A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Belgium, Canada, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy,
Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Norway, Spain, Sweden
Draft resolution VI was adopted by 133 votes to 11, with 12 abstentions (resolution 41/133).
The PRESIDENT: I now call upon those delegations that wish to explain
their votes.

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Mr. KORHONEN (Finland) : I will make a statement in explanation of vote on behalf of Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland.
It is indeed an important task of the United Nations to search constantly for new ways and means to strengthen the promotion and protection of human rights. The concept of human rights comprises civil and political, as well as economic, social and cultural rights. Our delegations noted with interest the initiative within the Commission or Human Rights to explore the concept of the right to development, though we regret that the Commission was not given an opportunity to consider the issue fully.
The support of Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland for the development of the developing countries is a well-established fact and there will be no change in our policy in this respect. We agree that the main responsibility for development lies with the countries themselves.
In our view there is a connection between the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights and the stage of development of a nation. In spite of our active engagement regarding the development of the developing countries, and despite positive aspects relating to the role of the individual in the development process as reflected in the Declaration on the right to development, our delegations have abstained in the vote on the Declaration. Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland would have been ready to go along with the adoption of the Declaration as a whole after separate votes on preamble paragraphs 9 and 16 and articles 1 and 5. We appreciate the sincere efforts by some delegations trying to accommodate such an outcome.
Our delegations have a number of reservations to the text in its present form.

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(Mr. Korhonen, Finland)
We are of the opinion that the questions of human rights would he distorted if
the rights of States were dealt with under this label. The question of
safeguarding the integrity of the human person against oppression and abuse of
power by State authorities should be our main concern. We are worried that by
elevating the right to development to a human right, the protection of the human
person against oppression by State authorities may be jeopardized. Our delegations
cannot agree with formulations such as the human rights of peoples. The debate in
the United Nations has given the rather vague concept of "human rights of peoples"
connotations which are unacceptable to us. Nor can we agree with formulations
which imply that the attainment of a certain degree of development or a new
international economic order, important though as they are, would be a
pre-condition for the promotion and protection of the human rights of the
individual. We also regret the tendency to stress the rights of States rather than
the human rights of the individual, and economic and social rights more than civil
and political rights.
These are our main reservations. However, we hope that the issue of the right
to development will evolve in a direction which would take our concerns into
consideration. We are ready to participate in efforts to establish a consensus in
this issue in the future.
Miss SARANGEREL (Mongolia) : The Mongolian delegation abstained on draft
resolution V contained in document A/41/925, entitled "Respect for the right of
everyone to own property alone as well as in association with others and its
contribution to the economic and social development of Member States". We did so
because, in our opinion, the wording of some paragraphs in the draft resolution
still need to be improved and based on principles enshrined in important United

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(Miss Sarangerel, Mongolia)
Nations documents concerning the interlink between the respect of basic human
rights and socio-economic development as well as different forms of ownership.
It is our considered view that the right to own property can be realized in the context of all other basic human rights, in particular, the right to work, to a free choice of employment, to protection against unemployment, and so on, and not to their detriment. Enjoyment by everyone of basic human rights, including the right to own property, should not be separated from the socio-economic environment. In this context I should like to stress the importance of the eradication of exploitation of man by man and the promotion of a just social order for the benefit of all the strata of the population.
My delegation is of the opinion that the consideration by regional commissions and other organizations concerned with the question should not be detrimental to their programs and priorities already adopted.
Mr. TELLE (France) (interpretation from French): France would like to explain its position on draft resolution I entitled "Right to Development". France has always attached great importance to the question of the right to development. It participated in all the stages of the work that led to the definition of its scope. Although the French delegation would have preferred this Declaration on the right to development be adopted by consensus, we nevertheless welcome the fact that the General Assembly has accepted this text by a very large majority.
The French delegation, however, would like to reaffirm that its approval of this Declaration does not imply any change of position on its part with regard to the various texts referred to in the preambular part, particularly the fifth paragraph. Furthermore, the French delegation would like to give its interpretation of the ninth preambular paragraph and article 5 of the Declaration.

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(Mr. Telle, France)
Human rights doubtless have a twofold dimension. They comprise both individual
rights and collective rights. Hence, it seems unnecessary and redundant to use in
these paragraphs the concept "of the human rights of peoples and human beings".
The French delegation believes that this wording is clumsy and inelegant, but it
considers that the precision that the sponsors sought for in this text was simply
to stress the twofold dimension of human rights.
The PRESIDENT: We have thus concluded our consideration of agenda
item 101.
We now turn to agenda item 102 entitled "New international humanitarian order" (A/41/882) .
The Assembly will take a decision on the draft decision recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 6 of its report. The Third Committee adopted the draft decision without a vote. May I consider that the Assembly wishes to adopt it without a vote?
The draft decision was adopted
The PRESIDENT: We have thus concluded our consideration of agenda item 102.

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(The President)
The Assembly will now consider the report (A/41/883) of the Third Committee on agenda item 103, entitled "Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment".
We shall take decisions on the two draft resolutions recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 10 of its report.
Draft resolution I, entitled "Status of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment", was adopted by the Third Committee without a vote. May I take it that the Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/134).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution II, entitled "United Nations voluntary fund for victims of torture", was also adopted by the Third Committee without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly also wishes to do that?
Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/135).
The PRESIDENT: We have concluded our consideration of agenda item 103.
We turn next to the report (A/41/874 and Adds.1 and 2) of the Third Committee on agenda item 12, "Report of the Economic and Social Council".
I call on the representative of Peru on a point of order.
Mr. RODRIGUEZ (Peru) (interpretation from Spanish): I should like to call the Secretariat's attention to a typographical error in draft resolution VIII, "Situation of human rights in El Salvador", in the Third Committee's report in document A/41/874/Add.2. In operative paragraphs 7 and 8, the word "force" in the phrase "the Government of Ei Salvador and the opposing force" should be in the plural. In other words, the phrase should read: "the Government of El Salvador and the opposing forces".

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The PRESIDENT; That change will be made in draft resolution VIII. I shall now call on representatives who wish to explain their votes before the voting.
Mr. DAZA (Chile) (interpretation from Spanish): I shall explain my vote on draft resolution XII, which relates to the situation of human rights in Chile, my country.
The protection of human rights by international organizations has constituted a moral movement designed to express the highest aspirations of human beings and giving their dignity universal recognition. That has been an especially generous aim.
Unfortunately, however, it is obvious from an examination of the way in which the Organization, for more than 10 years, has dealt with the case of Chile - and this applies to the present draft resolution - that, so far as my country is concerned, the aim to which I have referred is not served in any way. On the contrary, this case demonstrates the most negative aspects of human nature. Indeed, in this case hypocrisy, moral cowardice and inconsistency have flourished. There is the hypocrisy of the nations of the Soviet bloc, which violate human rights on a global scale and which have used this instrument as an adjunct to proved acts of terrorism and violence that have been committed in my country.
There is the moral cowardice of nations of Western Europe and of some Latin American Governments, which are aware of the processes followed in our country, which know that the facts in Chile are not those that are set forth in the draft resolution in question and that lend themselves to this farce. Some have recognized, sotto voce, that they are motivated by domestic politics - indeed they have said as much to me; this means that they are not discharging the responsibility they shouldered when they joined these bodies designed to serve a

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(Mr. Daza, Chile)
higher cause. To say the least, I find that these are symptoms of a debilitating
illness.
There is the inconsistency of Mexico, which drafted, sponsored, promoted and amended this draft resolution and which really should be quiet, when we all know that its Government subjects its people to poverty, systematically violates human rights and squanders its resources and that its public affairs actions are characterized by corruption and fraud.
Faced with everything that the draft resolution says, one must ask: what is the real Chile?
Chile is a country which, owing to the efforts of all its inhabitants, has overcome the economic crisis and is endeavoring to ensure the well-being and security of all the people. Our economy is managed in an excellent fashion. That has been recognized by the major international agencies. The country is moving calmly on the path to success, despite the surprising silence of many here who have been able to verify this.
Chile is a country with an active social policy. We are not alone in saying that: the World Bank has said so in an official report which I have in my hands. In that report the Bank has described our policy as a successful example of the allocation of social expenditures to the poorest sectors of the population. That is unrivalled in the region. It has considerably improved the effectiveness of our services to the lower-income groups.
As a result of our social policy, there has been a considerable reduction in the extreme poverty that has faced Chile for many long years, and we are among the best places in the region in tetras of low infant-mortality rates, high life-expectancy rates, mother and child care and a nutritional policy that many have used as a model. Thus, we ensure the human right to life in its broadest sense.

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(Mr. Daza, Chile)
We are a country with a clear process of democratic institutionalization, a
specific process with established timetables; a process rooted not in pressures or
foreign models, but in the essence of the nature of Chile and Chileans. Democracy
is our normal way of life. That is why the Government, the armed forces and all
Chileans are vitally committed to this system of political organization.
Our country, owing to the exceptional period we have experienced with
terrorist activities, has had human rights problems, but we have been honest
enough - and not everyone is - to accept United Nations competence in this area and
co-operated with the Organization because we value our international commitments
and attach a higher value to the cause of human rights.
The draft resolution which has been submitted is unbalanced and full of
falsehoods: it disregards facts in my country; interferes in matters that fall
under Chilean sovereignty; violates the principle of non-intervention because, I
repeat, it contains statements about Chile which no country would accept; and what
is even more serious it ignores the co-operation that we have had with the Special
Reporter and what the Reporter himself says - which means disregarding the very
unit which this Organization has set up and which it ignores in the case of Chile.
Therefore, I can rightly say that those who support this draft resolution are
guilty of the moral crime of ignominy.
The three factors that I have mentioned - our economic development, social
policy and the institutional process in Chile - assure us that within the
foreseeable future we will have a sound and lasting democracy in Chile. The
previous democracy lasted more than 150 years. I make so bold as to say that the
one we are consolidating now should last at least another 150 years. It will be in
operation very soon, while the people of most of the dictatorships present here

BG/17 A/41/PV.97
(Mr. Daza, Chile) which vote against my country cannot even dream of democracy, and some of the infant democracies which today advise and condemn us are beginning to crumble.
My delegation will vote against this draft resolution.
Mrs. ASHTON (Bolivia) (interpretation from Spanish): The Constitutional Government of Bolivia wishes to reaffirm its respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in the country. For Bolivia it is both a matter of principle and a deep-rooted conviction that human rights should be respected throughout the world. This is based on the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly and reaffirmed in the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights, and the Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
The enjoyment of human rights, as has been previously stated, is in the interest of the international community; and protecting those rights wherever violated, be it individually or collectively, also calls for an appropriate response from the international community.
Human rights are independent of States. It is essential to ensure compatibility of the higher principles of law so as to guarantee protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. For example, the inalienable principle of State sovereignty must be made compatible with the inalienable dimension of the same human rights.
The action of the Third Committee of the General Assembly is based within that context when it analyses human rights; its approach is of a humanitarian nature and it looks for solutions to violations. Treatment of the item should confine itself to that basis; no emphasis should be placed on disagreement with political, ideological or religious principles held by the regimes accused of violations. Consequently my delegation wishes to express concern at the recent trend to try to

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(Mrs. Ashton, Bolivia)
introduce ideological elements or East-West confrontation into the analysis of
human rights, disregarding the very essence of human dignity and seeking to impose
political hegemonies.
My delegation has analyzed the reports of the Special Representatives or Special Reporters on the human rights situation in Guatemala, El Salvador, Afghanistan, Iran and Chile. With regard to the situation in Guatemala, my Government expresses satisfaction with the process of democratization which has led to the establishment of a constitutional system that has shown special respect for and commitment to human rights and freedoms.
With reference to the other cases, my delegation appeals to those Governments to make every effort to ensure the full enjoyment or restoration of human rights, in particular freedom of expression, freedom of political, social and religious activities, and others.
In view of the inclusion of elements unconnected with human rights in the wording of the draft resolutions in the Reporter’s report (A/41/874/Add.2) -elements with which we do not agree - as well as for reasons of State, my delegation must abstain in the vote on them.
Mr. TOBAR ZALDUMBIDE (Ecuador) (interpretation from Spanish): Firm respect for human rights is an essential part of the most cherished tradition of Ecuador's foreign policy, not only because it is an important source of international law, but also because my country is convinced that the full enjoyment of human rights goes hand in hand with the genuine democracy which we practice and breathe.
For those reasons, among many others, Ecuador considers it essential to uphold universality in terms of the effectiveness and validity of human rights. The manipulation of such noble rights, as is often done for merely political ends, by

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(Mr. Tobar Zaldumblde, Ecuador)
accusing some of violating them while one's own violations, at times serious ones,
are never mentioned, detracts from the strength and consistency of the enjoyment of
human rights which is pursued as the highest of human rights and clearly shows
traces of sheer propaganda or political revenge, as unfortunately happens year
after year in the Third Committee debates.
As stated by the Foreign Minister of Ecuador during the general debate on 24 September last:
"Ecuador does not admit such a double standard. Ecuador reiterates the
historical need to acknowledge that all men, regardless of latitude, cultural
level or economic development, have the elementary rights which mankind has
declared to be inherent in the human condition.
"Ecuador ... will not tire of proclaiming this universality of rights
until they find effective expression in our complex and sometimes confused
world." (A/41/PV.8, p. 86)
On several occasions Ecuador has advocated the need for the United Nations to consolidate its human rights action by centralizing its scattered mechanisms in this field and submitting an annual report on how these rights fare in each and every one of the States Members of the Organization, as is done in respect of the social and economic situations in the world.

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(Mr. Tobar Zaldumbide, Ecuador) Furthermore, Ecuador maintains that every country participating in these debates on human rights, which charges third countries with violations, should report to this forum on the observance of these rights in their own territories.
Ecuador takes pride in its strict respect for universal suffrage, the broadest measure of freedom of expression, association of the press, and equality among all citizens before the law without obnoxious social discrimination based on ideology, race, religion or sex. The citizens of Ecuador enjoy the right of free movement and may enter and leave the territory in complete freedom.
With regard to draft resolutions on specific cases of violations of human rights resulting from the Questionable selective treatment to which we have referred, Ecuador wishes firmly to appeal once again to the observance of those inalienable rights in the countries referred to in these draft resolutions, It takes note with satisfaction of the progress which has been made in some of them, which even led to an important regional group of delegations, with full knowledge of the facts, preparing texts which duly reflect what are certainly positive developments in those situations. At the same time, we deeply deplore the persistent violation of human rights in the countries mentioned in those draft resolutions,
My country, nevertheless, wishes to reaffirm at this time its conviction that matters pertaining to human rights should be made known and discussed at the United Nations on a fully universal basis and with a view to their implementation and full observance in all States of the community of nations. My delegation will therefore abstain in the voting on the draft resolutions on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Guatemala, El Salvador, Afghanistan, Iran and Chile, which are covered in draft resolutions VII, VIII, IX, X and XII in document A/41/874/Add.2.

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Mrs. SARANGEREL (Mongolia): The Mongolian delegation will vote against draft resolution IX contained in document A/41/874/Add.2, entitled "Question of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Afghanistan". In its statement during the discussion of the Economic and Social Council report in the Third Committee, my delegation expressed in detail its concern over the undisguised attempt to involve the United Nations in a hostile action directed against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. We hold the view that the draft resolution on the above question, as well as the so-called report, failed to analyze the real situation in and around Afghanistan and contains a wide range of allegations which are totally false and slanderous. The draft resolution is, in fact, designed to justify the undeclared war launched by the imperialists and reactionary forces against a sovereign Member State of our Organization. The report and the text of the draft resolution contain no reference to the democratic and progressive changes that have been scored or which are under way in that country. The essence of the documents runs counter to the basic principles of international co-operation in the field of human rights. The Mongolian People's Republic supports the just struggle of the Afghan people, which has chosen the path of independent development. Mongolia is of the opinion that outside interference in the affairs of Afghanistan should be immediately phased out.
The PRESIDENT; We shall now proceed to take decisions on the 14 draft resolutions contained in the text, plus 12, making a total of 26 draft resolutions and three draft decisions to be decided on, after which I shall call on the four delegations that wish to explain their positions, but first the Assembly will take a decision on the 14 draft resolutions contained in paragraph 45 of part II of the report (document A/41/874/Add.1).
Draft resolution I of these 14 draft resolutions is entitled, "Assistance to student refugees in southern Africa".

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(The President) The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise? Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/136).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution II is entitled "Humanitarian assistance to refugees in Djibouti".
The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same? Draft resolution II was adopted (resolution 41/137).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III concerns assistance to refugees in Somalia.
The Third Committee adopted draft resolution III without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/138).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution IV is entitled "Situation of refugees in the Sudan".
This draft resolution was also adopted without a vote by the Third Committee.
May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution IV was adopted (resolution 41/139).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution V deals with emergency assistance to voluntary returnees and displaced persons in Chad.
In the Third Committee the draft resolution was adopted without a vote.
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution V was adopted (resolution 41/140).
The PRESIDENT; The next draft resolution concerns assistance to displaced persons in Ethiopia. A recorded vote has been requested.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Kqypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: United States of America
Abstaining: Israel
Draft resolution VI was adopted by 150 votes to 1, with 1 abstention (resolution 41/141).
The PRESIDENT; We turn now to draft resolution VII, entitled
"Implementation of the Declaration on social progress and development".
The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote.
May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution VII was adopted (resolution 41/142).

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The PRESIDENT: we turn next to draft resolution VIII, entitled -Sub-Commission on prevention of discrimination and protection of minorities". A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.

In favor:
Against:

Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, C6te d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
United States of America

Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution VIII was adopted by 135 votes to 1, with 19 abstentions (resolution 41/143).

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The PRESIDENT: We come next to draft resolution IX, entitled "Summary or
arbitrary executions".
The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I take
it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution IX was adopted (resolution 41/144).
The PRESIDENT; We come next to draft resolution X, entitled "Question of
enforced or involuntary disappearances".
The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I take
it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution X was adopted (resolution 41/145).
The PRESIDENT; We turn now to draft resolution XI, which concerns
realization of the right to adequate housing. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,

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United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: None
Abstaining: Israel, United States of America
Draft resolution XI was adopted by 153 votes to none, with 2 abstentions (resolution 41/146).
The PRESIDENT; We come next to draft resolution XII, entitled "Status of
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide".
The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution XII was adopted (resolution 41/147).
The PRESIDENT: We come next to draft resolution XIII, entitled "Human rights and mass exoduses".
The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution XIII was adopted (resolution 41/148).
The PRESIDENT: We turn next to draft resolution XIV, which concerns human rights in the administration of justice.
The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution XIV was adopted (resolution 41/149).
The PRESIDENT: Next, the Assembly will take a decision on the 12 draft resolutions recommended by the Third Committee in paragraph 79 of part III of its report (A/41/874/Add.2).
Draft resolution I is entitled "Fortieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".

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(The President)
The Third Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?
Draft resolution I was adopted (resolution 41/150).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution II is entitled "Measures to improve the situation and ensure the human rights and dignity of all migrant workers".
The report of the Fifth Committee on the programs budget implications of that draft resolution is in document A/41/940.
A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; United States of America

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Abstaining: Belgium, Canada, Germany, Federal Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Draft resolution II was adopted by 148 votes to 1, with 4 abstentions (resolution 41/151).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution III concerns the improvement of social
life.
The Third Committee adopted draft resolution III without a vote. May I take
it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution III was adopted (resolution 41/152).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution IV is entitled "Regional arrangements
for the promotion and protection of human rights in the Asian and Pacific region".
This draft resolution was also adopted without a vote by the Third Committee.
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution IV was adopted (resolution 41/153).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution V deals with regional arrangements for
the promotion and protection of human rights".
In the Third Committee, it was adopted without a vote. May I take it that the
General Assembly wishes to adopt the draft resolution?
Draft resolution V was adopted (resolution 41/153).
The PRESIDENT: Draft resolution VI concerns the strengthening of
international co-operation in the field of human rights. A recorded vote has been
requested.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; None
Abstaining; United States of America
Draft resolution VI was adopted by 154 votes to none, with one abstention (resolution 41/155).
The PRESIDENT; We turn now to draft resolution VII entitled "Situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Guatemala". A recorded vote has been requested.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ei Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: None
Abstaining: Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Maldives, Nepal, Oman, Romania, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Yemen
Draft resolution VII was adopted by 134 votes to none, with 21 abstentions (resolution 41/156).*
The PRESIDENT; We turn now to draft resolution VIII, entitled "Situation
of human rights in Ei Salvador". A recorded vote has been requested.
*Subsequently the delegation of Jordan advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor.

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A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Prance, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: None
Abstaining: Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Cote d'lvoire, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Haiti, Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Yemen, Zaire
Draft resolution VIII was adopted by 110 votes to none, with 40 abstentions
(resolution 41/157).*
*Subsequently the delegation of Jordan advised the Secretariat that it had intended to vote in favor.

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The PRESIDENT; We come next to draft resolution IX, entitled "Question of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Afghanistan". A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire, Democratic Kampuchea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ei Salvador, Fiji, France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, united States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela
Against: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Ethiopia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, India, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Poland, Romania, Syrian Arab Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Viet Nam
Abstaining: Bahamas, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Cyprus, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Nepal, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Draft resolution IX was adopted by 89 votes to 24, with 36 abstentions (resolution 41/158).*
*Subsequently the delegation of Ghana advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain.

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The PRESIDENT; We come next to draft resolution X, entitled "Situation
of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran". A recorded vote has been
requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium,
Belize, Botswana, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Venezuela
Against; Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Benin, Brunei Darussalam, Comoros, Cuba, Democratic Yemen, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen
Abstaining: Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Japan, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, Singapore, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Draft resolution X was adopted by 61 votes to 32, with 42 abstentions (resolution 41/159).
The PRESIDENT; Draft resolution XI is entitled "Measures to be taken
against Nazi, Fascist and neo-Fascist activities and all other forms of
totalitarian ideologies and practices based on racial intolerance, hatred and
terror". The Third Committee adopted this draft resolution without a vote. May I
take it that the General Assembly wishes to do the same?
Draft resolution XI was adopted (resolution 41/160).

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The PRESIDENT: We turn now to draft resolution XII, which concerns the
situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Chile. A recorded vote has
been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Cape Verde, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Ei Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Chile, Indonesia, Lebanon, Paraguay, United States of America
Abstaining: Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cote d'lvoire, Democratic Kampuchea, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Liberia, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Somalia, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Yemen, Zaire
Draft resolution XII was adopted by 94 votes to 5, with 52 abstentions (resolution 41/161).*
*Subsequently the delegation of the Dominican Republic advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain.

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The PRESIDENT; I now invite representatives to turn to the three draft decisions recommended to the Assembly for adoption in paragraph 80 of part III of the Third Committee's report (A/4l/874/Add.2).
May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to adopt draft decision I?
Draft decision I was adopted.
The PRESIDENT: May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to adopt draft decision II?
Draft decision II was adopted.
The PRESIDENT; May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to adopt draft decision III?
Draft decision III was adopted.
The PRESIDENT; I now call on delegations that wish to explain their votes.
Miss BYRNE (United States of America): My delegation joined in the consensus on draft resolution IX, entitled "Summary or arbitrary executions", and draft resolution XIV, entitled "Human rights in the administration of justice", in part II of the report of the Third Committee (A/41/874/Add.1) because of our strong commitment to the process of law and, with reference to draft resolution IX, because of our concern over the continuing practice in some States of subjecting individuals to summary or arbitrary execution. Such practices are fundamentally different from the imposition of the death penalty pursuant to judgements handed down by competent courts of law and affirmed through lengthy appeals processes.
In the United States questions have been raised concerning the consistency with international legal standards applicable to the United States of two recent executions of certain individuals for crimes committed when they were under 18. My delegation takes this opportunity to clarify that United States support for draft

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(Miss Byrne, United States)
resolutions IX and XIV does not imply acceptance by my Government of any standards
relating to the death penalty that go beyond the standards contained in United
States domestic law. The United States reserves the right to impose capital
punishment in conformity with its constitutional and statutory standards.
It is united States policy to support respect for human rights and the
peaceful transition to democracy in Chile. The international community has the
right and the obligation to express its concerns regarding human rights in Chile,
but in doing so has the obligation to be constructive. The resolution on Chile is
neither balanced nor constructive. It fails to reinforce the constructive
recommendations made by the Special Reporter. Thus, despite our great concern
over the violations of human rights in Chile, we had to oppose it. The
co-operation between the Government of Chile and the United Nations Special
Rapporteur has resulted in some positive but limited steps; but much more needs to
be done.*
*Mr. Dos Santos (Mozambique) , Vice-President, took the Chair.

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(Miss Byrne, United States)
Fundamental liberties, such as freedom of association and expression, are
severely limited in Chile. Under the state of siege, those basic rights have been
even more greatly curtailed, as opposition publications have been closed. These
facts are pointed out in the resolution, but other key aspects of the Chilean
situation are left out. As the Special Reporter’s latest report on Chile makes
clear, no assessment of the human rights situation is complete or objective if it
does not make reference to the problems of terrorist violence from both extremes or
acknowledge the discovery of a large cache of terrorist arms introduced from abroad
with Cuban assistance, and the subsequent deplorable assassination attempt against
President Pinochet.
Terrorist violence only makes even more urgent efforts to develop a broad
consensus on a peaceful transition to democracy through dialogue and national
reconciliation. To develop an atmosphere conducive to progress in this regard,
effective measures need to be taken to restore fundamental liberties and to ensure
full respect for human rights.
Mr. ZARIF (Islamic Republic of Iran): Draft resolution X in document
A/41/874/Add.2 represents a clear manifestation of political exploitation of human
rights issues by a minority of Member states. The views of my delegation on the
draft resolution were stated in the Third Committee. We voted against it, since
it’s very foundations are questionable because it is based solely on the allegations
and unsubstantiated fabrications of a terrorist group.
It is customary in the Third Committee to base draft resolutions about
individual countries on the reports of the special representatives. Yet, while the
special representative specifically pointed out that he had not been able to
investigate the allegations produced to him by the terrorist organization, the

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(Mr. Zarif, Islamic Republic of Iran)
sponsors decided to base their draft resolution on exactly the same allegations.
It is very clear that the sponsors of the draft resolution had certain preconceived
notions of the elements that should be incorporated in it. The findings of the
special representative are consulted only to the extent that would support the
incorporation of those predetermined elements. Otherwise, as we see, those
findings are totally ignored.
The sponsors must be held accountable for obstructing the efforts of Professor Galindo Pohi to initiate a constructive dialogue with the appropriate authorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, we consider the resolution and its predecessors invalid political manipulations of the issue of human rights, devoid of any legal or moral authority.
However, I reiterate that the invitation of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to a personal representative of the Secretary-General is still valid, and should the United Nations decide to launch an objective and non-politicized inquiry we are fully prepared to extend our total support and co-operation in such an endeavor.
Mr. DIRAR (Sudan): My delegation would like to explain its vote on draft resolution VI. in document A/41/874/Add. 1, entitled "Assistance to displaced persons in Ethiopia".
In its statement in the Third Committee on this item my delegation stressed that in our view the refugee problem is one of the major challenges facing the international community today. We also believe that it is a very sad tragedy of enormous magnitude. My country, which has been hosting refugees for a quarter of a century now, is well aware of all the painful and alarming aspects of the problem. This awareness is heightened by the fact that in the Horn of Africa in particular

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(Mr. Dirar, Sudan)
the problem is very acute and chronic. This is a factor which leads to serious
tensions between States in the region and poses a very real threat to peace and
stability, which may in turn result in even more flows of refugees.
For all those reasons my delegation believes we should all face this very serious problem in a determined and responsible manner. The very least that any Member State can and should do is to refrain from all actions or acts of omission that aggravate the problem. Every Member State has the responsibility to put an end to policies and practices that further complicate the already very complex refugee problem.
My delegation believes that Governments have a duty to contribute to the alleviation of the suffering of refugees and the search for permanent solutions to refugee problems, by promoting and intensifying their co-operation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Of particular importance in this regard is the responsibility of Governments to facilitate access by the UNHCR and his representatives to refugee camps and settlements to ensure these are not used or exploited in any way incompatible with international and regional conventions oh refugees.
Having said that, my delegation would add that in view of the humanitarian aspects of the problem it chose to cast a positive vote on the draft resolution. However, it wishes to make it clear that that positive vote should in no way be interpreted as signifying any kind of approval of or consent to the policies, practices or attitudes of the Ethiopian Government as regards either the problems of refugees and displaced persons or the root causes of those problems.
Mr. MEZA (Ei Salvador) (interpretation from Spanish): My delegation did not take part in the vote on draft resolution VIII in document A/41/874/Add.2, concerning the situation of human rights in El Salvador. we must therefore make a few comments in explanation of our position.

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(Mr. Meza, El Salvador)
First, we did not take part as a matter of principle, especially because of
the form in which the draft resolution was put forward in the Third Committee. We
detect political intentions directed against the Government of El Salvador,
prejudging efforts, measures and changes in the political and social system which
have been adopted to improve the human rights situation there.
Secondly, we wish to express our appreciation to the group of countries that
undertook consultations in an effort to produce a more balanced text. The draft
resolution adopted in the Third Committee was the result of their efforts. Those
countries understand and appreciate our Government's efforts to improve the
economic, social and political system in the country, efforts which were begun by
President Duarte at the start of his term of office.

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(Mr. Meza, El Salvador) As regards the specific content of the draft resolution, we must say that to our great satisfaction the tendency to put armed groups wishing to destabilize and overthrow a legally established Government by force on a footing of equality with the Government concerned has been eliminated. This could have set a negative precedent in that it would have formalized a situation in which such groups opposing a Government - which exist not only in Latin America but in other parts of the world - would be recognized and encouraged to act against legally established institutions and Governments.
We deem it appropriate in this context to refer to the statement of the Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, in his 1986 memorandum, concerning terrorism. He said:
"We cannot justify any repressive measure by those that combat terrorism by unlawful means, but it is high time that it was understood that all legally established Governments that are the faithful expression of the majority of the people have a duty to defend themselves as an inexorable corollary of their responsibility to protect the lives of their citizens. Only within democratic Governments can there be guarantees that a true distinction will be made between the dangers of terrorism and mere political disagreement, the legitimacy of which cannot be questioned because it is one of the fundamental principles of democratic dialogue."
Returning now to the draft resolution before us, while it is true, in general terms, that it contains certain elements that encourage my Government to continue the political process, especially the promotion and protection of human rights, at the same time it contains certain terms which prejudge, or even deny in some way, the changes that have occurred in El Salvador. Among other things, the legitimacy

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(Mr. Meza, El Salvador) of the recent electoral processes in El Salvador, which certainly demonstrated the exercise of democracy, is called into question. Those elections took place openly in the presence of many international observers from various countries represented here, who can bear witness to the way they were carried out.
We must reiterate that, although the right to self-determination of the Salvadorian people was at one time in the past denied, that was because of acts of intimidation, terror and violence by certain armed groups which tried to impede and prevent the electoral process. But such action was never the work of the Salvadorian authorities as the observers I have just mentioned were able to see.
Quite apart from this draft resolution and past resolutions which we have observed, respected and applied as a sign of co-operation and goodwill with regard to the human rights bodies, the Government of El Salvador again expresses its willingness to co-operate with the special representative and is committed to working with the Salvadorian people for higher standards of living. For this reason, we are prepared to make every possible effort to consolidate the democratization of our country by adopting the measures necessary to make fundamental changes that will make possible an improvement in the situation with regard to economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, and so on, as, indeed, we have been doing. As President Duarte stated here recently, in order to achieve this objective, with the co-operation of the competent international bodies and the bilateral assistance of those countries interested in improving the human rights situation, we have tried to obtain the means to overcome the economic difficulties and the scarcity of resources which are the major obstacles to the development of an ambitious programs in the economic and social fields.
El Salvador today is an open democratic society. Anyone can visit our country and see what the situation really is and how the life of the citizens is

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(Mr. Meza, El Salvador) developing. This is very different from the uncertainty arid insecurity which existed towards the end of the last decade.
In conclusion, may I say - in the words of the Secretary-General of the Organization of American states in his 1986 memorandum - that
"The political aim of the multilateral organizations is to harmonize and
reconcile the aspirations of countries which, by an act of sovereign will have
acceded to an institutionalized system of collective dialogue. It is time
that acceptance of this eliminated the use of threats or force in
international relations.
"The preservation and strengthening of intergovernmental forums for
dialogue, for debate or even for dissent should do away with the sophism that
only force can settle disagreements."
It follows from this that all the States represented here have equal rights and obligations, since we have put our faith in the Organization to bring about understanding among nations by a continuing constructive dialogue, rejecting attitudes and actions that are imbued with political or ideological bias. For this reason we are concerned that the consideration of human rights with regard to certain countries, including El Salvador, is really based on political and ideological reasons and interests, giving rise to selectivity and politicization of those cares. This is incompatible with the spirit and the intention of the objectives of the competent human rights bodies, which in our opinion should deal with questions from a universal viewpoint.
The PRESIDENT; I shall now call on representatives who have asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. I remind Members that, in accordance with General Assembly decision 34/401, statements in exercise of the right of reply will

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be limited to 10 minutes for the first intervention and five minutes for the
second, and should be made by delegations from their seats.
Miss DIEGUEZ ARMAS (Mexico) (interpretation from Spanish): Year after
year the General Assembly has adopted a resolution on the situation of human rights
in Chile; year after year the representative of Chile has sought to distort the
truth on this question. This year, as the situation in that country with regard to
respect for the human rights of the oppressed Chilean people deteriorates, the
representative of Chile has stepped up the use of vitriolic elements and lies in
his statements, including the slander of the Government and people of Mexico.
The result of the voting on the draft resolution this year is certainly the
best response in recent years to a representative who tries to defend the
indefensible, who distorts the truth and thus insults the members of the Assembly.
The representative says that the resolution is false.

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(Miss Dieguez Armas, Mexico)
One might well ask whether such facts as the total elimination of the right of
assembly of certain social and political groups, which the Government regards as
its opponents, are also false. The same applies to the serious deterioration in
the right to equal justice, to the systematic persecution of organizations that
defend human rights, and to the persistent campaign against the mass media. I am
referring here to just a few of the developments that have exacerbated the general
atmosphere of terror and insecurity, and which have once again been condemned by
the international community.
The PRESIDENT; The Assembly has concluded its consideration of all the
chapters of the report of the Economic and Social Council allocated to the Third
Committee and of all the reports of the Third Committee.
AGENDA ITEM 37 (continued)
THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST:
(a) REPORTS OP THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/41/453 and Add.1, A/41/768-S/18427)
(b) DRAFT RESOLUTIONS (A/41/L.43 to A/41/L.45)
The PRESIDENT: The Assembly will now resume its consideration of Agenda item 37, entitled "The situation in the Middle East".
May I remind representatives that the debate on this item was concluded at the 87th plenary meeting, held on Friday, 28 November.
In this connection the Assembly has before it the draft resolutions in documents A/41/L.43 to A/41/L.45. I now call upon the representative of Zimbabwe, who wishes to introduce the draft resolutions.
Mr. MUDENGE (Zimbabwe): Before I introduce the draft resolutions before the Assembly I should like to announce that there are additional sponsors of two of the draft resolutions; Tunisia has become a sponsor of draft resolution A/41/L.43 and Sri Lanka and Tunisia have become sponsors of draft resolution A/ 1/L.45.

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(Mr. Mudenge, Zimbabwe)
My delegation has the honour of introducing to the General Assembly draft resolutions A/41/L.43, A/41/L.44 and A/41/L.45, all three of which pertain to the situation in the Middle East.
In themselves the draft resolutions are basically identical in wording and in content to those put before and adopted by this Assembly last year and reflect, quite sadly, the lack of progress made with regard to finding a solution to the problems which continue to afflict that troubled part of the world - and indeed even as we are considering this subject the situation continues to deteriorate rapidly.
All three resolutions clearly reflect the sentiment so eloquently expressed by the vast majority of speakers in the debates on the Question of Palestine and the situation in the Middle East, that the contradictions and conflicts within the region undoubtedly emanate from the aggressive and expansionist policies of Israel, in particular from the continuing Israeli occupation of Palestinian and other Arab territories seized by force of arms in 1967 and in the stubborn refusal to allow the Palestinian people to exercise their legitimate and inalienable rights.
Draft resolution A/41/L.43 provides an overview of the Middle East imbroglio, addressing itself briefly to all aspects of the many conflicts which threaten to tear the region apart. Whilst condemning the continued Israeli occupation of Palestinian and other Arab territories, including Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, and whilst condemning Israeli practices and policies with regard to the treatment by the Israelis of the Palestinian people under their control, the draft resolution also establishes, once again, the basis for the comprehensive, just and lasting solution so urgently required. Declaring peace in the Middle East as "indivisible", the resolution states, first, that such peace must be based on

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(Mr. Mudenqe, Zimbabwe)
the complete and unconditional withdrawal of Israel from the Palestinian and other
Arab territories occupied since 1967 including Jerusalem, and secondly, it must
enable the Palestinian people, under the leadership of the Palestine Liberation
Organization, to exercise its inalienable rights, including the right to return to
Palestine and the right to self-determination, national independence and the
establishment of its independent sovereign State in Palestine.
In this connection, the draft resolution reaffirms the call for the convening, under United Nations auspices, of the International Peace Conference on the Middle East, as endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 38/58 C of 13 December 1983. To this end, in operative paragraph 14 of the draft resolution the General Assembly endorses the call for the setting up of a preparatory committee within the framework of the Security Council, with the participation of the permanent members thereof, to take the necessary action to convene the Conference - an action which, judging by the statements made during the debates on the Questions of Palestine and the Middle Bast, enjoys overwhelming support within this Chamber.
The draft resolution also refers to the close co-operation between Israel and the United States in the economic, political and military fields and considers this as an unhelpful element in the search for peace.
As did the resolution adopted last year, this draft resolution strongly condemns the increasing collaboration between Israel and racist South Africa, which, as so many speakers have confirmed, constitutes a hostile act against the African and Arab States.
Draft resolution A/41/L.44, which is identical in wording and content to the resolution adopted last year, addresses itself primarily to the implications of Israel's occupation and annexation of the Golan Heights and reaffirms the

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(Mr. Mudenge, Zimbabwe)
fundamental principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by
force, and the applicability to the occupied Palestinian and other Arab
territories, including Jerusalem, of the Geneva Convention relative to the
Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.
The draft resolution confirms Israel's record as a non-peace-loving State whose policies and practices within the occupied lands constitute a continuing threat to international peace and security.
The draft resolution deplores the fact that a permanent member of the Security Council continues to prevent that body from adopting "appropriate measures" under Chapter VII of the Charter, to oblige Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories and to allow the Palestinian and other Arab people under Israeli occupation to exercise their inalienable rights.

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(Mr. Mudenge, Zimbabwe)
It also restates a series of political, economic, cultural and trade measures which it calls upon all States to apply against Israel - so as totally to isolate that country in all fields of international relations.
Draft resolution A/41/L.45, again worded exactly the same as the resolution submitted last year, addresses itself to the Israeli occupation of Jerusalem.
By adopting the draft resolution, the General Assembly would reaffirm its position that Israel's decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the Holy City, is illegal and therefore null and void. It would also serve to underline the call made upon those Member States which have transferred their diplomatic missions from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem to abide by Security Council resolution 478 (1980) and by the provisions of other relevant United Nations resolutions, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
The resolutions on these issues were all adopted by large majorities last year. Notwithstanding this fact, the situation in the Middle East has continued to deteriorate during the past year. Given the intransigence of the Israeli authorities - an intransigence buoyed up by the political, financial and military support being provided to Israel by the United States and others - it seems unlikely that we will be able to achieve any breakthrough with regard to peace in the near future. That, of course, is no reason to abandon hope or the struggle. By voting for these draft resolutions. Member States will be able to register their deep concern at the turbulent and often explosive situation within the Middle East and once again to correctly identify their main causes.
They will also be able to emphasize their dedication to the search for peace in a constructive and positive manner, as envisaged by the call for an international peace conference on the Middle East and, more immediately, in the

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(Mr. Mudenge, Zimbabwe)
call for the establishment of a preparatory committee to investigate effective ways
of holding that conference.
It is vitally important that we should maintain international awareness of and
interest in the situation in the Middle East, whilst at the same time maintaining
our quest for peace and stability there. The draft resolutions before us today
provide us all with an opportunity to do both. I therefore appeal to all Member
States to lend their fullest support to those draft resolutions by voting
overwhelmingly in favor of them for peace and justice in the Middle East.
The PRESIDENT; I shall now call on those representatives who wish to
explain their vote before the vote on any or all of the three draft resolutions.
Representatives will also have an opportunity to explain their vote after all the
votes have been taken.
I should like to remind the Assembly that, under rule 88 of the rules of
procedure, The President shall not permit the proposer of a proposal or of an
amendment to explain his or her vote on his or her own proposal or amendment,
Mr. CAMACHO (Ecuador) (interpretation from Spanish): Rejection of the
occupation of territories by force and firm support for the settlement of
international disputes by peaceful and legal means constitute one of Ecuador's
irrevocable policies. Hence, with respect to the serious problem of the Middle
East, my delegation firmly believes in the need for comprehensive settlements with
the participation, on an equal footing, of all the parties involved, in conformity
with the resolutions adopted by the United Nations which aim at bringing about the
withdrawal of Israel from the occupied Palestinian and Arab territories and the
cessation of all acts of force in the region.

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(Mr. Camacho, Ecuador) The delegation of Ecuador, therefore, will vote in favor of draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and A/41/L.45, although we do not agree with the wording of some of the paragraphs of A/41/L.43.
With respect to draft resolution A/41/L.44, my delegation believes that it contains criteria which do violence to the principle of universality of the United Nations and that it seeks to impose decisions contravening the sovereignty of States and which should not be the subject of appeals by other countries or by international organizations. For these reasons, the delegation of Ecuador will abstain in the vote on draft resolution A/41/L.44.
Miss BYRNE (United States of America) : The General Assembly is again adopting one-sided resolutions on the situation in the Middle East. It has done this for many years now, and that does not contribute positively to efforts to achieve the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people. It only widens the differences among the parties to the Arab-Israeli dispute. This sets back rather than advances the cause of peace. What the General Assembly should be doing is to foster the atmosphere necessary for pursuing peace between Israel and its neighbors.
My delegation will vote against draft resolution A/41/L.43 because it is polemical in tone and condemnatory in nature. Operative paragraph 10 of the draft resolution, criticizing United States relations with Israel, is particularly unacceptable. All Members of this body should carefully consider for themselves the implications of supporting language which attempts to dictate the foreign policy of a Member State, thereby intervening in its internal decision-making processes. The United States believes that it should be self-evident to all Members of this body why it is important for the United States to try to maintain close relations not only with Israel but with the Arab States as well. Such

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(Miss Byrne, United States)
relations are essential to the pursuit of peace. We therefore question whether
those members of this body who support the language in operative paragraph 10 are
really dedicated to the search for a just and equitable peace in the region.
My delegation also has difficulty with operative paragraphs 13 and 14 of this draft resolution calling for an international conference on the Middle East. As my delegation indicated in explaining the United States vote on the item entitled "The question of Palestine", the international conference envisaged in these draft resolutions would set back, rather than advance, the search for a just and lasting peace in the region.
The United States will vote against draft resolution A/41/L.44, because this draft resolution also does not advance the cause of peace. My Government supported Security Council resolution 497 (1981) on the Golan Heights which was balanced and helpful. The language of this General Assembly draft resolution, however, is unbalanced and harmful. By declaring that Israel is "not a peace-loving Member State", the draft resolution violates the spirit of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973) and runs counter to their intentions.

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(Miss Byrne, United States)
My delegation will abstain, as it has on similar draft resolutions in the past on resolution A/41/L.45, because we believe that the status of Jerusalem should be determined by means of negotiations among the concerned parties and as part of an overall peace settlement.
My Government recognizes that there are differences of opinion within the General Assembly on the best route to peace in the region. It is one thing to debate those positions in order to try to narrow the differences between them. It is another thing to engage in inflammatory rhetoric and pass unbalanced resolutions. We hope that this body will become aware of the fact that for the United Nations to make a constructive contribution to a just and lasting settlement of the Arab-Israeli dispute, it should renounce polemics in favour of peace-making. We must all try to create the conditions in which the parties can resolve their differences among themselves. Peace in the Middle East is in the interest of all of us.
Mr. HUXTER (United Kingdom): I have the honour to speak on behalf of the twelve member States of the European Community. Our views on the principles which need to be applied to solving the conflicts of the Middle East were set out in full in our statement in this debate on 28 November.
Clearly, we have serious reservations about the first two of the draft resolutions before the General Assembly under this item. We are concerned by their lack of balance, and by the fact that they do not reflect basic principles which we consider essential for a solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Furthermore, we cannot accept language criticizing a permanent member of the Security Council for having exercised its rights in accordance with the Charter.
We are, however, glad to support the third draft resolution under this item, and in this regard wish to recall the importance we attach to Security Council resolution 478 (1980).

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Mr. AILIANOS (Greece): Last week the representative of the United Kingdom expressed the views of the twelve member States of the European Community on the situation in the Middle East, to which my delegation fully subscribes. My Government's position on this question is determined by our firm attachment to the principles enshrined in Article 2, paragraph 4 of the Charter and to the Helsinki Final Act. More specifically, we have stressed during these long years that peace in the Middle East cannot be based on revenge or hatred and that all peoples in the area must have the right to share the gift of peace.
We maintain that Israel must withdraw from the Arab territories occupied since 1967. We believe that the Palestinian people are entitled to the full exercise of their right to self-determination, including the right to create their own State. At the same time, Greece equally supports the right of Israel to exist within secure and internationally recognized borders. Moreover, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, has an essential role to play in negotiations, in which all interested parties have to participate, directed to a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
For these reasons, my delegation will vote in favor of draft resolutions L.43, L.44 and L.45. However, my delegation is unable to go along with certain paragraphs of draft resolution L.43 and L.44. If separate votes were to take place, my delegation would abstain on operative paragraph 12 of L.43, operative paragraph 8, 13 (c) and 13 (d) of L.44, and would vote against operative paragraph 14 of L.44, and vote against operative paragraph 10 of L.43.
Thus my delegation would dissociate itself from those paragraphs while voting in favor of the said draft resolutions.

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Miss GUEVABA (Philippines): The Philippines maintains the view that a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the conflict in the Middle East should be achieved on the basis of the following fundamental principles: the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Palestinian and other Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem; the recognition of the inalienable national right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, including the right to establish an independent State in Palestine; the participation in the peace process by the Palestinian people through the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), its sole legitimate representative; and the recognition of the right of all States in the region, including Israel, to live in peace, within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force in conformity with Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 33B (1973).
My delegation believes that resolutions on vital and complex international issues such as the situation in the Middle East should be balanced Paramount, the sovereign right of States to conduct their own international affairs in accordance with the United Nations Charter should always be upheld. In that light my delegation is constrained to abstain on draft resolution A/41/L.44.
My delegation will vote in favour of draft resolution A/41/L.43. However, for the same reasons we have mentioned previously, we wish to state that we have reservations on the formulation of some of its provisions.
Mr. SIMAS MAGALHAES (Brazil): With regard to draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and L.44, the Brazilian Government would state once more that, in its view, a global, just and lasting solution to the situation in the Middle East should necessarily comprise, inter alia: first, the complete withdrawal of all occupation forces from Arab territories? secondly, the inalienable right of the Palestinian

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(Mr. Simas Magalhaes, Brazil)
people to an autonomous, independent and sovereign territory; and, thirdly, the
right of all States in the region to exist within internationally recognized
boundaries.
Brazil considers that the efforts to achieve such a goal should not imply the diplomatic isolation of one of the parties to the conflict, although that party has unjustifiably been acting in a manner that is incompatible with international law and the principles of the United Nations Charter and is against numerous requests contained in resolutions both of the General Assembly and of the Security Council. While strongly condemning such behaviour, Brazil does not wish, however, to provide the Israeli Government, under the pretext of its isolation from the international community, with justification for further acts in disregard of the rules of international law and of the accepted international principles of peaceful coexistence.
Israel must now understand that actions and policies taken in contempt of the Charter will improve neither its own security nor the prospects for an acceptable settlement of the conflict in the Middle East. The right to live in peace, Brazil firmly believes, cannot be ensured by any country at the cost of endangering the security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of its neighbours.

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Mr. BAGBENI ADEITO NZENGEYA (Zaire) (interpretation from French): My delegation had occasion to explain its concerns on all the elements that constitute major obstacles to a peaceful settlement of the Middle East conflict when the Assembly discussed agenda item 35, the question of Palestine. At that time, my delegation stressed the efforts that should be made by the General Assembly and by each State Member of our Organization, including those directly concerned in that conflict, to promote conditions propitious to the creation of a climate of peace, dialogue and negotiations in that region.
Because of the language in operative paragraphs 8, 9, 10 and 11 of draft resolution A/41/L.43, and of operative paragraphs 13 and 14 of draft resolution L.44, which is, in my delegation's view, not likely to lead to any rapprochement among all the parties concerned in the conflict, my delegation is unable to vote in favour of those draft resolutions in their entirety.
My delegation has no difficulty in voting in favor of draft resolution A/41/L.45.
Mr. DELPECH (Argentina) (interpretation from Spanish): The Middle East region continues to be one of the prime sources of tension and instability in the world. My delegation believes that a just and equitable solution based on the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter remains one of the greatest challenges facing the Organization. A just, peaceful and lasting comprehensive settlement of the Middle East conflict will not be possible until the legitimate aspirations and true interests of all the peoples of the region can be satisfied.
Two of the cardinal principles upon which the foreign policy of the Republic of Argentina is based are the peaceful settlement of international disputes and the inadmissibility of the acquisition of the territory by force. My delegation will vote in favour of draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and L.45, whose contents we fully support. However, my delegation will abstain in the voting on draft resolution

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(Mr. Delpech, Argentina)
A/41/L.44. Consistent with the basic principles of its foreign policy, the
Republic of Argentina believes that Israel is unlawfully occupying the Syrian
territory of the Golan Heights, in direct violation of Security Council resolution
497 (1981) and other relevant United Nations resolutions. At the same time,
consistent with those principles, my Government cannot endorse Israel's imposition
of its laws, jurisdiction and administration on that occupied Syrian territory.
However, my delegation regrets the fact that draft resolution A/41/L.44 contains certain propositions which, as my delegation stated last year, are incompatible with certain of my country's positions on substantive issues of foreign policy. Those propositions can be found, in particular, in the eighth preamble paragraph of the draft resolution and in operative paragraphs 9, 12, 13 and 14. My delegation wishes to express once again its full support for the return of the Golan Heights to the Syrian Arab Republic, since that country was illegally and unlawfully dispossessed of part of its sovereign territory in flagrant violation of the fundamental tenets of human rights and in total disregard of the opinion of the international community as a whole.
Finally, my delegation would have preferred to have been able to vote in favor of draft resolution A/41/L.44 as a whole, and we should like to state that the considerations I have just mentioned are the only reasons my delegation finds it necessary to abstain in the voting on that draft resolution.
Mr. GUMUCIO GRANIER (Bolivia) (interpretation from Spanish): The Government of Bolivia wishes to state again that, with regard to the situation in the Middle East, what is needed is a just solution within the framework of the principles of the United Nations Charter. The Government of Bolivia wishes emphatically to reiterate its principled support of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force. We therefore consider as null and void the

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(Mr. Gumucio Granier, Bolivia)
measures adopted by Israel with regard to the occupied Arab, territories - and
particularly in the Golan Heights, which we deem to be the legitimate territory of
the Syrian Arab Republic. We appeal to Israel to withdraw its occupation troops
from Lebanon, the Golan Heights and the occupied territories on the West Bank and
Gaza.
My delegation believes that in the Middle East a just and lasting peace must
be achieved that will enable all the countries of that region to live in peace
within secure and recognized borders. Because of the approach reflected in certain
paragraphs of draft resolution A/41/L.44, my delegation is unable to support it as
it did last year, and we shall abstain in the voting on that draft resolution.
However, we will vote in favor of draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and L.45, which we
believe represent a contribution towards a just and lasting peace in the Middle
East.
Mr. MORAN (Spain)(interpretation from Spanish): The delegation of Spain
will vote in favor of draft resolution A/41/L.45, in connection with the Holy City
of Jerusalem, and it will abstain in the voting on draft resolutions L.43 and
L.44. It did the same on similar drafts in previous years.
Spain voted in favor of the four draft resolutions, A/41/L.38, L.39, L.40 and
L.41, which the General Assembly adopted under the agenda item on the question of
Palestine. Those votes attest to the continuity of my Government's position in
favour of a solution to the conflict that is satisfactory to all parties and in
support of the legitimate aspirations of the Palestinian people, who are
confronting major problems in establishing their own identity. My delegation views
the just and peaceful solution to the question of Palestine as not only an
essential prerequisite for the establishment of lasting peace in the Middle East
but also as one of the most urgent tasks facing the international community, since
that region constitutes one of the major focal points of tension in the world today-

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(Mr. Moran, Spain)
We have noted with special concern the lack of progress towards peace in the
past year. Indeed, the situation in the region has become one of sustained
passivity and radicalization which merely worsen the problem. The solution of the
Palestine problem must be based on Israel's withdrawal from all Arab territories
occupied since 1967 and on the right of all States in the region, including Israel,
to live in peace within secure and recognized borders, as well as respect for the
legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, including its right to
self-determination.
In so far as those basic principles are reflected in Security Council
resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973), they form a point of departure for the
search for a just and comprehensive solution to the Middle East conflict. Where
the Palestinian people is concerned, however, the Government of Spain considers
that resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1972) are inadequate in that they approach the
problem from a purely humanitarian standpoint as a simple question of refugees,
whereas the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and all that
implies must be taken in consideration.
Finally, my delegation would like to express its disagreement with operative
paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/41/1.43 and to state that it will vote against
that draft resolution. Nor do we agree with the provisions of the eighth
preambular paragraph and operative paragraphs 8, 12, 13 and 14 of L.44, which do
not, in our view, contribute to creating the most propitious climate in which to
achieve the solution we all seek.

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The PRESIDENT; The General Assembly will now begin the voting process and take a decision on the three draft resolutions before it.
We turn first to draft resolution A/41/L.43. A separate, recorded vote has been requested on operative paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/41/L.43. If there is no objection to that request, we shall proceed accordingly. I therefore put paragraph 10 to the vote first.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favour; Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ethiopia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against; Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece," Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mauritius, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Zaire
Abstaining; Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Cote d'lvoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Haiti, Jamaica, Malawi, Mexico, Nepal, Niger, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Swaziland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela
Operative paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/41/L.43 was adopted by 66 votes to 38, with 41 abstentions.

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The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now vote on draft resolution A/41/L.43 as a whole. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, El Salvador,
Prance, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining: Antigua and Barbuda, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Burma, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Cote d'lvoire, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Japan, Liberia, Malawi, Panama, Paraguay, saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Uruguay, Zaire
Draft resolution A/41/L.43, as a whole, was adopted by 104 votes to 19, with 32 abstentions (resolution 41/162 A).

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The PRESIDENT; The Assembly will now take a decision on draft resolution
A/41/L.44. A recorded vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Qatar, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica,
Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
Abstaining: Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Colombia, Cote d'lvoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Jamaica, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Spain, Swaziland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire
Draft resolution A/41/L.44 was adopted by 90 votes to 29, with 34 abstentions (resolution 41/162 B).*
*Subsequently the delegation of Peru advised the Secretariat that it had intended to abstain.

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The PRESIDENT; We now turn to draft resolution A/41/L.45. A recorded
vote has been requested.
A recorded vote was taken.
In favor: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia,
Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Paso, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, C8te d'lvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Against: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Israel
Abstaining: Antigua and Barbuda, Cameroon, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras,
Liberia, Malawi, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States of America
Draft resolution A/41/L.45 was adopted by 141 votes to 3, with 11 abstentions (resolution 41/162 C) .
The PRESIDENT: I shall now call on those representatives who wish to
explain their votes.

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A/41/PV.97 145-150

Mr. FISCHER (Austria): Austria had the opportunity to explain its position on the situation in the Middle East during the recent debate on this item. Our position is well Known and has been consistent over the years.
Although we share the concern and agree with many elements expressed in the draft resolutions before us, my delegation cannot support those which would not only aggravate the existing situation but impede the search for peace. Austria does not believe that measures aimed at breaking relations with Israel and thus leading to its isolation would bring us any closer to a solution of the Middle East problem. Such attempts do not take account of the need of all parties to seek negotiated solutions, the very condition of achieving peace in that region. We cannot support any formulation which could be interpreted as impinging on the principle of the universality of membership of the United Nations, a principle that Austria has consistently upheld.
Therefore Austria, while supporting draft resolution A/41/L.45, has felt compelled to abstain on draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and L.44.

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Mr. PAPUCIU (Albania) (interpretation from French) : The Albanian delegation voted in favor of draft resolutions A/41/L.43, A/41/L.44 and A/41/L.45, in conformity with the well-known positions of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania on the Middle East problem. The positions and views of the Albanian Government in favor of the struggle of the Arab peoples against imperialist and Zionist aggression were set forth clearly once again during the debate on this item in the General Assembly.
My delegation wishes, however, to make it clear that it has certain reservations about some paragraphs of draft resolution A/41/L.43, in particular the second and fifth preambular paragraphs and operative paragraphs 13 and 14. The reservations have been set forth repeatedly in the past and we have no intention of explaining them again now. But we want to make it clear that our reservations apply also to the contents and nature of documents and resolutions which were previously adopted by the General Assembly and to which reference is made in the draft resolutions that have just been voted upon.
Mrs. DIEGUEZ ARMAS (Mexico) (interpretation from Spanish): The delegation of Mexico has just voted in favor of draft resolutions A/41/L.43, A/41/L.44 and A/41/L.45. We have thereby expressed again our support for United Nations resolutions on the Middle East. A peaceful and negotiated settlement of the conflict in the Middle East must be sought on the basis of the principles of the United Nations Charter and the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. A just and final solution must respect the interests of all
the parties involved and must satisfy the national aspirations of the Palestinian
i
people. That is the core of the conflict. i
The General Assembly and Security Council resolutions on this matter offer the general framework within which to seek a solution to the Middle East pQ7i£}.|c£,

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(Mrs. Dieguez Armas, Mexico)
Those resolutions call for recognition of and respect for the sovereignty,
integrity and political independence of all the States of the region and their
right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries. They reaffirm the
right of the peoples of the region to self-determination, without any foreign
interference, and in particular call for respect for the inalienable rights of the
Palestinian people.
The Middle East problem is one of the greatest challenges facing the
international community. We should encourage the parties involved in the conflict
to agree to negotiations, under international auspices, on an agreement.
In the past inflexibility has led to the use of force and made even more
remote the possibility of a political and diplomatic settlement. We express again
our conviction that a just and lasting peace in the Middle East will be possible
only if all the parties adopt constructive positions showing a true willingness to
negotiate.
We abstained in the vote on operative paragraph 10 of draft resolution
A/41/L.4 3 because we feel that the judgments contained in it undermine the General
Assembly's jurisdiction. We reiterate that we have serious reservations on
operative paragraph 6 of that draft resolution, because the partial agreements that
have been reached up to now, although far from being a final settlement of the
Middle East problem, are an important step in that direction.
My delegation would have abstained also on operative paragraphs 12, 13 and 14
of draft resolution A/41/L.44 if they had been put to separate votes. They relate
to matters within the jurisdiction of the Security Council.

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A/41/PV.97 153

Mr. TILLETT (Belize); The Belize delegation abstained on draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and A/41/L.44 and voted in favor of draft resolution A/41/L.45.
Because the Belize delegation supports the general ideas in draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and A/41/L.44, we would have welcomed texts that called for the necessary action without the accompanying condemnation. In draft resolution A/41/L.43, Israel is condemned in operative paragraph 5, deplored in operative paragraph 7, condemned again in operative paragraph 8, and strongly condemned in operative paragraphs 9 and 12. Similar condemnations are contained in draft resolution A/41/L.44. Operative paragraphs 13 and 14 of that draft resolution seek the complete isolation of Israel - a situation which, we believe, could only hurt the cause of peace in the Middle East.
The situation in the Middle East is a critical one. It demands the greatest degree of statesmanship. In a situation so explosive, it is difficult to he balanced. Yet balance is critical to a peaceful solution. It is as important for all to recognize the right of the Palestinians to a homeland as it is to accept the right of Israel to peaceful, secure coexistence as a sovereign, independent State. Draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and A/41/L.44 did not reflect that balance and, accordingly, my delegation was constrained to abstain.
We urge the sponsors of these resolutions to make it possible, in future resolutions, for so many of us who share their peaceful objectives to support the resolutions. The Belize delegation is confident that broader support of these resolutions will do more for the cause of peace in the Middle East than will the condemnatory language now used. We therefore urge all interested parties to promote in future a draft with the balance necessary to achieve that wider support.

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A/41/PV.97 154-155

Mr. IRTEMCELIK (Turkey): Turkey's position on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the question of Palestine, which we regard as the core of this multifaceted problem, has been firm and consistent all along and has been registered in no uncertain terms in the United Nations and elsewhere on every relevant occasion.
It was in conformity with that well-known and unequivocal stand that the Turkish delegation supported the draft resolutions on the situation in the Middle East just adopted by the General Assembly. However, we should like to place on record certain reservations that we have on some elements of those draft resolutions.
First, Turkey abstained on operative paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/41/L.43. We have consistently indicated that the singling out of third parties, either by name or by designation, with accusatory language is inappropriate and unhelpful. Our reservation remains even in cases such as this one, where Turkey pursues policies different from the third Government to which reference is made.
Secondly, Turkey would have abstained had there been a separate vote on operative paragraph 8 of draft resolution A/41/L.44. We do not feel that the General Assembly or any other organ of the United Nations should pass any value judgement on votes cast by member states.
Thirdly, the Turkish delegation would have abstained also had there been separate votes on operative paragraphs 13 and 14 of draft resolution A/41/L.44. Those paragraphs are, in our opinion, difficult to reconcile with efforts deployed with a view to initiating in an appropriate framework the long-overdue negotiating process aimed at working out mutually acceptable solutions to the problems in question, with the participation on an equal footing of all concerned parties, including Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization.

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A/41/PV.97 156

Mr. ELVEMAR (Sweden) : Sweden abstained in the vote on draft resolution A/41/L.43. As in previous years, my delegation decided to refrain from casting a negative vote on the draft resolution submitted to the Assembly only after considerable hesitation. The text suffers from a severe lack of balance. We have especially strong reservations on operative paragraphs 10 and 11.
We were compelled, as on similar draft resolutions in previous years, to cast a negative vote on draft resolution A/41/L.44, despite our full support for its central theme. We have strong objections to a number of paragraphs in the text, in particular operative paragraphs 12 to 16. Our objections to those paragraphs relate to their substantive content and the fact that they cannot be reconciled with the division of responsibilities between the General Assembly and the Security Council as envisaged by the Charter.
Mr. BADAWI (Egypt) (interpretation from Arabic): Egypt expressed its views on the situation in the Middle East and the question of Palestine during the general debates on those items. Egypt has reaffirmed unequivocally the principles on which any just, lasting and comprehensive settlement of the Middle East question should be based, foremost among which is the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force. My country has also affirmed its position by its agreement with other members of the international community that the Fourth Geneva Convention is applicable to the occupied Arab territories, whether the West Bank, Gaza, Jerusalem or the Syrian Golan Heights. Egypt's firm position is that Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights is illegal and that all Israel's arrangements in that occupied territory, including the extension of its jurisdiction to the territory are null and void. It was therefore natural for Egypt to vote in favour of draft resolutions A/41/L.43 and L.45.

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(Mr. Badawi, Egypt)
While appreciating the presence of many positive elements in draft
resolution A/41/L.44, Egypt could not support that text owing to the fact that it
contains some elements with which Egypt finds it difficult to agree. In addition,
it does not contain the elements that would encourage the continuance of the peace
process.
Mr. RODRIGUEZ (Peru) (interpretation from Spanish): My delegation
abstained in the vote on draft resolution A/41/L.44. We abstained also on
operative paragraph 10 of draft resolution A/41/L.43, but voted in favour of the
draft resolution as a whole and of draft resolution A/41/L.45.
My delegation wishes to recall now its explanation of vote at the fortieth
session on the texts of draft resolutions A/40/L.43 and L.44, and to reaffirm the
reservations expressed on operative paragraphs 6, 1o and 11 of draft
resolution A/40/L.43. The explanation of vote that my delegation made on that
occasion and the details of the reservations are recorded in A/40/PV/118.
Mr. FARTAS (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (interpretation from Arabic): My
delegation voted in favour of draft resolution A/41/L.43 on the situation in the
Middle East, because of our belief in the legitimacy and justice of Arab national
life and Palestinian rights. Therefore, my delegation wishes to recall its
reservations with regard to any reference, direct or indirect, that could be
construed to mean that my country recognizes the fait accompli imposed by force in
occupied Palestine in flagrant violation of all the relevant United Nations
resolutions on Arab and Palestinian rights, as well as of their inalienable
national rights.

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Mr. HOSSEINI (Islamic Republic of Iran): Although my delegation voted in favour of draft resolutions A/41/L.43, L.44 and L.45, I wish to reiterate my delegation's reservations on all terms and provisions of those draft resolutions that imply any recognition of the Zionist base of terror occupying Palestine. It is our conviction that Zionist forces must unconditionally withdraw from all Palestinian territories, including those occupied prior to 1967.
With regard to the reference in draft resolution A/41/L.43 to the International Peace Conference on the Middle East and the Fez Conference, our position is well known: we do not wish to see our Palestinian brothers negotiating at any table with the Zionists who are occupying Palestine; nor do we support versions of the Camp David accords, such as the Fez decision.
Mr. AL-ATASSI (Syrian Arab Republic) (interpretation from Arabic): My delegation indicated its position during the fortieth session to such references or that in operative paragraph 4 of draft resolution A/41/L.43 to an Arab Summit Conference in which my country did not participate. Our view on that Conference is expressed in General Assembly document A/40/584 and we wish to reiterate that position. Therefore my delegation did not join the sponsors of draft resolution A/41/L.43.
The PRESIDENT: We have thus concluded consideration of agenda item 37.