UN Human Rights Treaties

United Nations GENERAL ASSEMBLY THIRTY-SIXTH SESSION Official Records' THIRD COMMITTEE 29th meeting held on Monday, 26 October 1981 at 3 p.m. New York SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 29th MEETING Chairman: Mr. 0'DONOVAN (Ireland) CONTESTS AGENDA ITEM 75: ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF HELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE (continued) AGENDA ITEM 85: HUMAN RIGHTS AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) AGENDA ITEM 86: QUESTION OF A CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (continued) AGENDA ITEM 87: INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS (continued) (a) REPORT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE (b) STATUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT OK ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (c) ELABORATION OF A SECOND OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, AIMING AT THE ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AGENDA ITEM 91: TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (continued) (a) UNILATERAL DECLARATIONS BY MEMBER STATES AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (b) DRAFT CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AGENDA ITEM 76: INTERNATIONAL YOUTH YEAR: PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page la CONTENTS (continued) AGENDA ITEM 77: POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES RELATING TO YOUTH (continued) (a) PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS EXCHANGES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (b) CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS AND YOUTH AND YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (c) CO-ORDINATION AND INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF YOUTH: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AGENDA ITEM 78: NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ACHIEVING FAR-REACHING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOCIAL PROGRESS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) AGENDA ITEM 80: QUESTION OF THE ELDERLY AND THE AGED: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) AGENDA ITEM 84: WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGING: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) AGENDA ITEM 90: CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) ORGANIZATION OF WORK A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 2 The meeting was called to order at 3.05 p.m. ¦ ¦ AGENDA ITEM 75: ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL INTOLERANCE (continued) (A/33/137, A/36/158, A/36/3/Add.23 (Part I); A/C.3/36/L.4) AGENDA ITEM 85: HUMAN RIGHTS AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/36/429 and Add.1) * AGENDA ITEM 86: QUESTION OF A CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (continued) (A/36/3/Add.23 (Part I); A/C.3/36/6; A/C.3/36/L.14) AGENDA ITEM 87: INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS (continued) (A/36/63, A/36/417, A/36/434, A/36/3/Add.23, 25 and 26, A/36/584): (a) REPORT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE (A/36/40); (b) STATUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, AND THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/36/455); (c) ELABORATION OF A SECOND OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, AIMING AT THE ABOLITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/36/441 and Add.1) AGENDA ITEM 91: TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL. INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (continued) (A/36/3/Add.19 and 23) (a) UNILATERAL DECLARATIONS BY MEMBER STATES AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/36/426 and Add.1); (b) DRAFT CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/36/140 and Add.1-4) 1. Mr. OTTO (Austria), referring to agenda item 87 (c), said that his Government had always been in favour of the universal abolition of capital punishment and was ready to co-operate with other Member States which shared its views. In his own country, abolution of the death penalty was embodied in the Constitution. According to the situation in 1980, only 22 States Members of cue United Nations had abolished capital punishment and 12 had restricted its imposition to special situations such as war or state of emergency. With the exception of France, where, he noted with satisfaction, capital A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 3 (Mr. Otto, Austria) Punishment had now been abolished, current trends gave little cause for optimism. In a number of countries capital punishment was imposed and his delegation could only express its sincere hope that the situation would soon change. 2. Austria had been one of the sponsors of resolution 35/437 concerning the possibility of a second optional protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and was ready to support a further resolution on the subject to be submitted at the present session. As pointed out by his Government in its comments on General Assembly resolution 35/437, contained in document A/36/441, the optional character of the proposed additional protocol was necessary in order to meet the legal and other difficulties that a number of Member States might encounter when approaching the question, and it would allow time for States in which capital punishment had not yet been abolished to prepare public opinion and adjust their legislation. Austria would be in a position to accede to such an instrument immediately. 3. In discussing the question, it was useful to remember that in so far as public order was concerned, the abolition of capital punishment had nowhere resulted in an increase in disturbances and there appeared to be no difference in that respect between abolitionist and retentions States. Maintenance of public order was therefore not a valid argument against abolition. 4. Abolition of capital punishment was an issue which should be kept under continued discussion in order to stimulate public awareness. Universal abolition was a long-term process and would cause difficulties in certain countries. He was confident that progress could be made through co-operation in the United Nations and also within regional organizations, such as the Council of Europe. 5. Mr. GIUSTETTI (France), referring to agenda item 87 (c) and in particular to the responsibilities of the Human Rights Committee under article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, said that the protection of human rights, if it was defined as the monitoring of respect for human rights in States by the competent international bodies, took two main forms. One concerned individual, State or other remedies in the case of alleged violations; the other concerned the examination of reports submitted by States Parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the various measures taken to improve the effectiveness of the rights set forth in the Covenant. "b. When the Human "Rights Committee considered the reports of States Parties, it was not looking for incriminating material or trying to A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 4 (Mr. Glustetti, France) discover violations of human rights - although if the reports were frank, adverse aspects might and should be disclosed. In such cases, the Human Rights Committee would be concerned with the interest of States, rather than with censuring them, and acting as guide and adviser by suggesting measures for remedying shortcomings. In that capacity, the Human Rights Committee needed, and had already acquired, wide experience, since the reports had provided it with ample material on the day-to-day implementation of human rights, forming a body of data from which it could draw general conclusions and make comments and recommendations that were of general use and not applied to particular States Parties. The Human Rights Committee was thus able to find out which were the most common, or the most significant, shortcomings and which provisions of the Covenant were most difficult to implement. In addition to gathering statistical information, the Human Rights Committee could make general recommendations on legislative, administrative, judicial and other matters. In short, it was establishing a kind of practical guide for States on the implementation of the Covenant. 7. In considering the report of the Human Rights Committee, the General Assembly should, like that Committee itself, avoid going into questions of violation of human rights and should concentrate on principles and on the practical ideas contained in the general comments and recommendations, thus contributing to the preparation of the practical guide for States Parties. 8. The Human Rights Committee should also consider the role of the Economic and Social Council, as provided it article 40, paragraph 4, of the Covenant. His delegation hoped that the Third Committee would encourage the Human Rights Committee to continue its work on the implementation of article 40. 9. With regard to agenda item 87 (c), his delegation agreed in principle with the proposed second optional protocol aiming at the abolition of the death penalty and would communicate his Government's comments at a later stage. 10. Mr. KHORASANI (Iran), referring to agenda item 75 on the elimination of all forms of religious intolerance, said that according to the Quran all divine religions were based on the belief in one God. Divine religions respected one another, and their prophets had the same mission: to restore brotherhood and peace to human society. Indeed, believers in God had greater mutual understanding and stronger spiritual ties than some of the Members of the United Nations. 11. The United Nations was a secular body, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was a secular instrument which permitted the vapid fabrications of Zionism and Western and Eastern imperialism A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 5 (Mr. Khorasani, Iran) to break the united front of the followers of divine faiths and thus helped materialists to plunder the wealth and natural resources of the Third World. The present-day social order, whether capitalist or socialist, was concerned only with production for the sake of consumption and consumption for the sake of production. 12. Apart from the racist and expansionist organization of international Zionism, which had brought infamy to the faith of Moses and was the foremost enemy of peace, there were national organizations such as the Mossad, the Mafia, the CIA, and the KGB, which took advantage of the vagueness and ambiguity of the concept of religion in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and which could, if need be produce new pseudo-religious attitudes. 13. However, a fact that could no longer be Ignored was that the increasing religious awareness among the hundreds of millions of Muslims and other followers of divine faiths, thanks to the Islamic revolution, had become a determining factor in international affairs. The malicious secularism of the United Nations was no longer a characteristic of all Member States. 14. Muslims were receptive to knowledge and reason. Because of their refusal to compromise on their principles, some called them fanatics or extremists and labelled them with a variety of other names. But names were unimportant. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, committed Muslims were the most favoured of God, and their patience, endurance and sacrifice, under their great leader and spiritual father Imam Khomeini, had brought unity, independence, contentment and pious and honest administration. They did not ask for toleration: what mattered between religions was respect. Believing that secular bodies were not qualified to deal with religious matters[ they respectfully requested such bodies not to attempt it, since their efforts were out of place. In any case, If the results of such efforts were contrary to Islamic laws, they would be precluded under section 1, article 4, of the Constitution from being practiced in Iran. 15. With regard to agenda item 87 (c), concerning abolition of the death penalty, he had followed the discussions with interest and respected the sincerity of those who believed that criminals should be saved, corrected and educated so as to live a happy and healthy life. But he did not believe in thus rewarding criminals for their criminal acts. The vast numbers of non-criminals all over the world who had been denied education had far more right to it than criminals. The definition of equality and justice for all in the International Covenants was a poor one if it gave priority in education to criminals. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 6 (Mr. Khorasani, Iran) 16. There were contradictions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In article 18, for example, paragraph 1 recognized freedom of religion, but paragraph 2, which precluded coercion that would impair freedom to adopt a religion of his choice, could never apply to Muslims, who were not permitted to adopt another religion. Article 18 would permit Muslims to practice Islamic law, which included criminal law, but article 6 did not permit the death penalty. A legal or any other code which caused anomalies was dangerous. The only solution was to recognize the right of all persons, including Muslims, to practice their religion and not to be coerced. It was essential to give clear definitions of fundamental concepts, such as religion, freedom, justice, peace -and man. To some, man was a kind of intelligent monkey, but Muslims believed that he was the vice-gerent of God. Those two definitions opened the way to conflicting bills of rights, legal codes and scopes of action. On the one hand, it was recognized that all members of the human family were equal, while on the other, some nations were allowed to veto any decision. And all the time, lip service was paid to the International Covenants. 17. In the present age of murder, rape, alcoholism, child and wife abuse, licentiousness and immorality, one might well ask from what sources human rights were derived. Certainly their source did not 11 in moral principles. Secularism and materialism were destructive. Religious and moral principles must be revived, and the United Nations should recognize that as its most important mission. 18. According to the Quran, people could not solve their national or international problems until they themselves had changed. The third-world countries must realize the danger of secularism and materialism and return to their own identity. They must respect their own culture, avoid over-identifying with the norms of the so-called developed world and be independent. No one should forget the thousands of tons of food that, in a world where people were starving, were destroyed to maintain prices for economic interests. The International Covenants had not been able to stop such waste, nor eliminate apartheid and racial discrimination. They had ignored immoral and nefarious activities throughout the world and had failed in their main objective: to establish peace. 19. The Third Committee - and all the committees of the United nations must achieve at least one objective: to prevent overt and covert interference by the super-Powers in the affairs of other countries. People must be given a chance to put their own affairs in order, to eradicate apartheid and racial discrimination and to establish reace. The United Nations should rely on people, rather than Governments. The Third Committee must work to transform the present gathering of Governments, disunited by the super Powers, with a real United Nations. A/C.3/36/SR.29 A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 7 20. Mrs. KRAVCHEHKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), speaking on agenda Items 86 and 87, said that her country attached great importance to equitable co-operation among States in encouraging and developing respect for human rights end fundamental freedoms for all. The Soviet Union's consistent policy in the field of human rights stemmed from the very nature of the Soviet socialist State, in which all democratic rights and freedoms were guaranteed to all citizens without exception or discrimination. The Soviet Union believed that international co-operation in the promotion of respect for human rights and freedoms should be accomplished in strict accordance with the United Nations Charter and should be built on a solid legal base in the form of treaties. In striving to ensure universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, the Soviet Union acted hand in hand with other socialist countries, with the countries which had achieved freedom from colonial domination and with the overwhelming majority of States Members of the United Nations. 21. The USSR had taken an active part in drafting the International Covenants on Human Rights and had supported the formulation of a single treaty to embrace both civil and political rights and social land economic rights. Although that had not been achieved, owing to the opposition of the Western countries, the development of United Nations activities in the field of human rights fully confirmed the correctness of her country's approach. General Assembly resolution 32/130 stressed the indivisibility of and the interrelationship between all types of human rights and pointed out that the full [range of personal rights and freedoms could not be realized without (social and economic rights. The International Covenants on Human Rights occupied a central position in the system of international agreements on the subject; their entry into force had made the United Nations better able to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and, at the same time, had encouraged co-operation between States to achieve the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. The Soviet Union had been the first permanent member of the Security Council to ratify the International Covenants on Human Rights, an entirely logical step for a country in which the provisions of the Covenants had long been a reality. By granting a broad range of socioeconomic, political, civil and cultural rights to all citizens without distinction and guaranteeing their implementation, the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet legislation fully ensured that all the rights contained in the International Covenants on Human Rights would be fulfilled in the Soviet Union. Indeed, Soviet legislation and practice went far beyond the provisions of the Covenants. 22. A constant concern about people was visible in the decisions of the recent twenty-sixth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and that humanistic approach was also apparent in the Programme of Peace for the 1980s which the Congress had put forward. The basic A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 8 (Mrs. Kravchenko Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) premise of that Programme was that there was nothing more important for any people than the guarantee of the foremost right of peoples and individuals, the right to life and to peace. The success of the peace initiatives advanced by the Soviet Union in accordance with that Programme, including those put forward at the current session of the General Assembly, would effectively promote the social progress of peoples and the rights of hundreds of millions of human beings. ... 23. Her delegation was gratified at the results of the Human Rights Committee's work, including the general comments prepared at that Committee's thirteenth session concerning those reports of States Parties to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which bad already been considered. It was important for the Human Rights Committee to continue to work constructively, in a spirit of developing and strengthening friendly relations among States. 24. Her delegation noted with satisfaction the successful and efficient operation of the Sessional Working Group on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It was gratified at the high assessment the Group had given to the report of the Soviet Union. However, the reports of States submitted to the Sessional Working Group showed that the industrially developed countries, which had once opposed the inclusion of social and economic rights in a single international covenant, were still far from providing an adequate guarantee of the rights specified in the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, including 3uch an essential right as the right of everyone to work. She pointed out that, after ratification of the Covenant, unemployment in those countries not only had not ceased but had continued to grow inexorably and, in a number of cases, had reached unprecedented proportions. There must also be something wrong when an individual's right to health, medical care and education was dependent on the size of his bank account. 25. The additional methods of work of the Sessional Working Group that had been approved by the Economic and Social Council at its first regular session of 1981 would, in conjunction with the methods worked out in 1979, provide a good basis for the Group's efficient operation. 26. She stressed the Importance of strengthening the legal basis of international co-operation among States on human-rights questions. Her delegation therefore welcomed the continuing increase in the number of States Parties to the International Covenants. However, the Covenants still had not been signed by some industrially developed countries whose representatives used human rights as an excuse for A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 9 (Mrs. Kravchenko. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) attempts to interfere in the internal affairs of other States; it was to be hoped that those countries would finally become Parties to the Covenants and accept the obligations under them. She drew attention to the double standard in the approach of some States, whose representatives continually attempted to set up various supranational bodies incompatible with the aims of international co-operation in the field of human rights. Instead of strengthening the Covenants, those States were striving to undermine them. The General Assembly should renew its call to the States that had not yet done so to become Parties to the Covenants. 27. The legal basis of international co-operation among States on human-rights questions would doubtless be strengthened by completing work on the draft convention on the rights of the child, proposed by the Polish People's Republic. In view of the unfortunate situation of children in many regions of the world, it was essential to formulate and adopt such a convention as quickly as possible. Her delegation felt that it would be possible to complete work on the draft convention at the forthcoming session of the Commission on Human Rights, so that it could be adopted by the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session. All that was needed was the goodwill of all parties. Her delegation supported the draft resolution on the question of a convention on the rights of the child (A/C.3/36/L.14) and hoped that the convention would be completed and adopted in 1982. 28. Mrs. IDER (Mongolia), speaking on agenda item 87, said her delegation was pleased to note that the number of States Parties to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights had risen to 69 and of those Parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to 67. It regretted, however, that 15 years after the adoption of the two Covenants, more than half the Member States of the United Nations still were not Parties and that the State which proclaimed itself the champion and protector of human rights all over the world had so far not ratified either instrument. 29. Her delegation commended the Human Rights Committee for its useful work and its constructive dialogue with States Parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Regarding the attitude of some members of the Human Rights Committee to reports submitted by States, her delegation believed that members should always bear in mind the realities of the present-day world, the existence of different social and economic systems, and the wide diversity in levels of development, culture, history and the like. Many newly independent countries were confronted by great difficulties in overcoming the consequences of colonialism and neo-colonialism. The achievement of human rights was a long-term process, and the implementation of the provisions of the Covenant should be judged accordingly. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 10 (Mrs. Ider Mongolia) 30. Mongolia also appreciated the valuable work done by the Sessional Working Group of the Economic and Social Council at its third session, as reported in paragraph 8 of document A/36/455. However, while agreeing with the changes in the Group's working methods, in accordance with Economic and Social Council decision 1981/162, her delegation did not support the idea of reorganizing the Group into a body of independent experts. 31. Mongolia had ratified both International Covenants in 1974, and the rights set forth in them were fully protected in her country. It had submitted reports on its implementation of the Covenants both to the Sessional Working Group and to the Human Rights Committee. With goodwill and co-operation on the part of States, the system of reporting and reviewing the implementation of the Covenants could be a useful contribution to the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and freedoms. 32. Her delegation was satisfied with the progress made in drafting a convention on the rights of the child and urged that it should be given the highest priority, with a view to completing it at the next session of the Commission on Human Rights. 33. With respect to agenda item 85, she said that Mongolia was deeply committed to the goals of the Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind adopted by the General Assembly in 1975. In her country, scientific and technological achievements were used to improve standards of living, to meet material, social and spiritual needs, and to achieve a more comprehensive realization of basic human rights. The fruits of scientific and technological progress should be used exclusively in the interests of international peace and security, social and economic development and a better world. The United Nations I should concentrate on opposing their use for armaments and weapons of mass destruction. Disarmament would further the implementation of the Declaration. 34. Mr. OGURTSOV (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), speaking on agenda item 85, said that scientific and technical progress affected all walks of social life and were objectively helpful in the creation of favourable conditions for the implementation of human rights. Under socialism, technical progress was used in the interests of man and society as a whole and its results were aimed at ensuring broader economic, political, social and cultural rights, thereby favouring the all-round development of the individual, who combined his own personal interests with those of society. The Byelorussian Constitution stated that the supreme goal of social production under socialism was the fullest satisfaction of the people's growing material and spiritual needs. The provisions of the United Nations Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 11 (Mr. Ogurtsov, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind (General Assembly resolution 3384 (XXX)) were being implemented in the Byelorussian SSR. Under his country's planned socialist system, such social ills as unemployment had been unknown for more than 50 years. Citizens of the Byelorussian SSR had had the right to work, including the right to choose their profession, type of job, and work in accordance with their inclinations, abilities, professional training and education. Large numbers of the population were taking a very active part in the acceleration of scientific and technological progress. Some 400,000 persons were members of voluntary scientific and technical societies, and the members of a voluntary society for inventors and innovators numbered 350,000, including more than 170,000 manual workers. Scientific and technological progress also had a favourable effect on the process of shaping individuals, who were harmoniously developed spiritually rich and highly moral. That process was inextricably linked to the broadening of the system of education, and the right to education embodied in the Constitution of the Byelorussian SSR. That right was ensured by the free provision of all forms of education, the institution of universal, compulsory secondary education, and the broad development of vocational, specialized, secondary, and higher education, in which instruction was oriented towards practical activity and production; by the development of evening and correspondence courses; by the provision of gramts and privileges for students; by the free issue of school textbooks; by the opportunity to attend schools in which teaching was given in the student's native language; and by the provision of facilities for self-education. 35. He stressed the importance of paragraph 6 of the Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind, which was particularly relevant today, since a number of capitalist countries had created and were expanding a system of total surveillance and interference with privacy through the use of scientific and technological devices• The Constitution of his country guaranteed the integrity of and respect for the individual, the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, and the right to protection by the courts against encroachment on their honour and reputation, life and health, and personal freedom and property. The privacy of citizens, including that of their correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications, was also protected by law. 36. Drawing attention to paragraph 5 of the Declaration, which stated that all States should co-operate in the establishment, strengthening and development of the scientific and technological capacity of developing countries with a view to accelerating the reorganization of the social and economic rights of the peoples of those countries, he said that equitable and scientific and technical co-operation would further scientific and technological progress. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 12 (Mr, Ogurtsov. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) His country had broad scientific and technological contacts with a number of countries, including developing countries. Specialists from the Byelorussian SSR worked successfully in many developing countries and thousands of specialists from those countries were being trained in Byelorussian educational institutions. 37. He cited the arms race, the plans to use space for military purposes and the development of radically new weapons, particularly weapons of mass destruction, as ways in which science and technology had been used against the interests of humanity. The manufacture of the neutron bomb was a particular challenge to the whole world and to all mankind. 38. The existence of such social ills as unemployment, social inequality and discrimination was also incompatible with the provisions of the Declaration. His delegation believed that the main task of the United Nations under the item 85 should be to adopt decisions to implement the provisions of the Declaration. If that was done, there would be no need to discuss various secondary questions which were being used to limit the Committee's scope in considering the problem and thereby dissipate the efforts of Member States in accomplishing the tasks set forth in the] Declaration. 39. His delegation had sponsored resolution 38 (XXXVII) of the Commission on Human Rights, which had instructed the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities to undertake a study on the use of the results of scientific and technological progress for the realization of the right to work and to development. Such a study would be of practical significance not only for the developing but also for the developed countries and would promote the implementation of the provisions of the Declaration. 40. Turning to the report of the Secretary-General contained in document A/36/429, submitted in accordance with General Assembly resolution 35/130 A, he said that he could not understand why the request for information had been issued two and a half months after the resolution had been adopted, or why States had been given only a little more than two months to submit their information on such a complicated question. Furthermore, he noted that the Secretariat had, in producing that document, interpreted too freely Economic and Social Council resolution 1979/41 and General Assembly resolutions 34/50 and 35/10 A, according to which the more lengthy reports of Member States did not have to be reproduced in extenso. Those resolutions did not give the Secretariat the right of arbitrarily discarding relevant and important points from the reports of Member States. Distortion of the contents of those reports was also totally UP acceptable. The information submitted by the Byelorussian SSR had been subjected to unwarranted abbreviation and distortion by unit Secretariat. His delegation officially demanded that the information A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 13 (Mr. Ogurtsov. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) submitted by the Byelorussian SSR on the question of the implementation of the provisions of the Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind should be reproduced in full. He hoped that the Secretariat would take note of his comments. 41. In conclusion, he reaffirmed his delegation's conviction that the essential prerequisites for successful international scientific and technological co-operation and for the application of the results of scientific and technological progress to development were the strengthening of peace and international security peaceful coexistence, the curbing of the arms race, elimination of the threat of war, improvement of the international climate, support for the just struggle of oppressed peoples fighting for national liberation and social progress, and the restructuring of international economic relations on a just and equitable basis. The United Nations had an important role to play in broadening international co-operation to implement the provisions of the Declaration. In order to achieve that goal, the practice provided for in General Assembly resolution 35/130 A should be continued. The meeting was suspended at 4.40 p.m. and resumed at A.55 p.m. AGENDA ITEM 76: INTERNATIONAL YOUTH YEAR: PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPMENT, PEACE: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.1 AGENDA ITEM 77: POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES RELATING TO YOUTH (continued) (a) PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS EXCHANGES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (b) CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS AND YOUTH AND YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS: RETORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (c) CO-ORDINATION AND INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF YOUTH: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) AGENDA ITEM 78: NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ACHIEVING FAR-REACHING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOCIAL PROGRESS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.26, L.27, L.29) AGENDA ITEM 80: QUESTION 07 THE ELDERLY AND THE AGED: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.28) A/C.3/36/SR.29 English rage 14 AGENDA ITEM 84: WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGING: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1, L.25) AGENDA ITEM 90: CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.22, L.24) Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2 42. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) drew attention to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2 and said that Equatorial Guinea had become a sponsor. In the English version the quotation marks in the sixth preambular paragraph should be deleted. 43. Mrs. WARZAZI (Morocco) thanked the sponsors of the draft resolution for attempting to include some of the amendments proposed by her delegation in document A/C.3/36/L.30. She believed, however, that the draft resolution would receive broader support if the sponsors had accepted the other amendments made by her delegation. In a spirit of co-operation, therefore, she proposed the following amendments: (a) the title of the draft resolution should begin with the phrase "Efforts with a view to the adoption of measures ..."; (b) she retained her amendment to the fourth preambular paragraph as contained in document A/C.3/36/L.30; (c) she withdrew her proposed amendment to the fifth preambular paragraph; (d) in the sixth preambular paragraph of the draft resolution, the words "enjoyment by youth" should be replaced by "their enjoyment"; (e) her delegation's proposed amendment to paragraph 1 would be retained; (f) she withdrew her delegation's proposed amendment to paragraph 2 but believed that in order to bring it into line with the title, the phrase "including the right to education, vocational training and work" should be included; (g) her delegation retained its proposed amendment to paragraph 3; (h) she would withdraw her proposed amendment to paragraph 4 but believed that the third line should end with the phrase "of human rights and their enjoyment". 44. Miss BROSNAKOVA(Czechoslovakia) said that in a spirit of co-operation and compromise, the sponsors had adopted virtually all the amendments proposed by the representative of Morocco. The new amendments just proposed would require a suspension of the meeting for ten minutes in order that the sponsors might hold consultations. The meeting was suspended at 5.15 p.m. and resumed at 5.30 p.m. 45. Miss BROSNAKOVA (Czechoslovakia) said that the sponsors, after studying the new amendments proposed by the representative of Morocco i A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 15 (Miss Brosnakova, Czechoslovakia) had agreed on the following: (a) The title should read "Efforts and measures for securing the implementation and enjoyment by youth of human rights, particularly the right to education and to work"; (b) in the fourth preambular paragraph, the sponsors were unable to accept the phrase "whenever possible"; (c) in the sixth preambular paragraph, the sponsors could accept the phrase "implementation of human rights and their enjoyment by youth, particularly the right to education and the right to work"; (d) in paragraph 1, the words "international youth year" should be written with initial capital letters; (e) in paragraph 2, the sponsors accepted the phrase "to education, vocational training and work", as proposed by the representative of Morocco; (f) in the third line of paragraph 3, the words "systematic and" should be deleted; (g) in paragraph 4, the sponsors accepted the phrase "promotion of human rights and their enjoyment by youth, particularly the right to education and to work". 46. Mrs. WARZAZI (Morocco) said that her delegation insisted on its amendments to the fourth preambular paragraph and to paragraph 3. 47. Mr. DERESSA (Ethiopia) suggested that in the second line of paragraph 1, the words "necessary and" should be deleted. That, he believed, would facilitate acceptance of that paragraph by all concerned. 48. Mr. VERKERCKE (Belgium) said that the draft resolution contained some editorial and translation errors. For example, the French version of the fourth preambular paragraph gave the impression that the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights addressed itself to the need for further action aimed at the codification and implementation of the right of youth to work. 49. Miss BROSNAKOVA (Czechoslovakia) said that the sponsors could accept the Ethiopian amendment to paragraph 1. 50. Mr. MAKKI (Oman) pointed out that the words "participation, development, peace" had been omitted from the title of the draft resolution. 51. Mr. ASANTE (Ghana) suggested the following editorial changes to the draft resolution: (a) in the third line of the fifth preambular paragraph, the word "possibility" should be replaced by "ability"; (b) in that same paragraph, the words "criminality, drug abuse and other anti-social behaviour of youth" should be replaced by "social ills"; (c) in the fourth line of paragraph 3, the word "the" should be inserted before "securing"; (d) in the fourth line of paragraph 4, the words "vocational training" should be added after education" and the last phrase should read "with a view to resolving the problem of youth and unemployment". A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 16 52. Miss BROSNAKOVA (Czechoslovakia) said that the sponsors accepted the amendments proposed by the representative of Ghana. 53. The CHAIRMAN said it appeared that there were now only two proposed amendments to the draft resolution, one to the fourth preambular paragraph and the other to paragraph 3, both proposed by the representative of Morocco. He therefore put the first Moroccan amendment to the vote. 54. The amendment was adopted by 86 votes to 25, with 19 abstentions. 55. The CHAIRMAN put the Moroccan amendment to paragraph 3 to the vote. 56. The amendment was adopted by 80 votes to 30. with 18 abstentions. 57. The CHAIRMAN suggested that the Committee should proceed to vote on the draft resolution, as amended, as a whole. 58. At the request of the representative of Sweden, a separate vote was taken on the fourth preambular paragraph. 59. At the request of the representative of the German Democratic Republic, a recorded vote was taken on the fourth preambular paragraph. In favour: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Iran, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Against: none. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 17 Abstaining: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Surinam, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. 60. The fourth preambular paragraph was adopted by 99 votes to none, with 37 abstentions. 61. The CHAIRMAN said that he would proceed to put the draft resolution, as amended, as a whole, to the vote, on the understanding that the necessary editorial and translation changes would be made by the Secretariat. 62. At the request of the representative of Singapore, a recorded vote was taken on draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2, as amended, as a Whole. In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, "Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Cameroon, A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 18 United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet: Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Against: None, Abstaining: Canada, Fiji, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, United States of America. 63. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2, as amended, was adopted by 129 votes to none, with 11 abstentions. 64. Mr. AL-KAISI (Iraq) said that although his delegation had not recorded its vote, it agreed with the substance of the draft resolution and therefore supported it. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.26 65. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) announced that Cuba had become a sponsor of the draft resolution and drew attention to the revised version of subparagraph (b) of paragraph 3, which now read: "(b) participation of persons, including landless persons, as well as of women and youth, in co-operatives". 66. The CHAIRMAN invited the Committee to vote on (draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.26, as amended. 67. The draft resolution as amended, was adopted by 129 votes to 1. with abstentions'] Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27 68. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) announced that Cuba, Grenada and Ethiopia had become sponsors of the draft resolution and drew attention to the financial implications set out in document A/C.3/36/L.29. 69. Mr. OISUOY (Mongolia) said that after extensive consultations Pakistan and the sponsors of the draft resolution had arrived at an acceptable formula for the wording of the sixth preambular paragraph, and paragraph 1. The sixth preambular paragraph would now read "Desirous of securing a speedy and complete removal of all obstacles to the economic and social progress of peoples, especially colonialism, racism, racial discrimination, apartheid, military, political and economic intervention, foreign aggression and occupation or alien domination, as well as all forms of inequality and exploitation of peoples", and the words "in any form" would be added at the end of paragraph 1. The sponsors also wished to make two minor amendments, one to the seventh preambular paragraph, at the end of which the words "in particular of developing ones" would be A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 19 (Mr. Oisuoy, Mongolia) added, and the other to paragraph 3, in which the operative verb "calls upon" would be replaced by "invites". 70. Miss WELLS (Australia) said that the draft resolution should be subjected to close scrutiny in view of the financial implications of the proposal for holding interregional and regional seminars, which were estimated in document A/C.3/36/L.29 at $300,000. Australia, as a member of ESCAP, had misgivings regarding the holding of seminars and wished to be certain that they would yield practical results. The resolution as it stood was too vague and too abstract. For instance, the purpose of the seminars, namely, "to study the national experience of developing and developed countries in carrying out far-reaching social and economic changes for the purpose of social progress", was too loosely worded. Moreover, although the draft resolution referred to the Declaration on Social Progress and Development, it failed to mention General Assembly resolution 34/59 requesting the Secretary-General to inform the General Assembly, in annexes to the triennial reports on the world social situation, of the measures adopted by Governments for the implementation of the Declaration. Nor did the draft resolution contain any reference to General Assembly resolution 34/152, which called for an international seminar to compare policies, institutions and experiences of Member States, bearing in mind the goals and objectives of the new international development strategy. The most recent General Assembly resolution actually referred to in the draft resolution, namely, resolution 31/38, was highly specific, in that there was an attempt in the first three operative paragraph to define the basic rights, prerequisites and conditions for social and economic progress. In contrast, the draft resolution now before the Committee lacked precision and, moreover, duplicated the work carried out under other items. The Committee might also be over-ambitious in apparently trying to step in where the global negotiations had failed. If the draft resolution was nevertheless adopted, it would be advisable to amend paragraph 5 by inserting the words "the consequences of military intervention for" after the words "taking into account" and before "social aspects of development". Such an amendment would be in harmony with that introduced by Pakistan and the sponsors. 71. Mrs. WARZAZI (Morocco) observed, in connexion with the amendment to the sixth preambular paragraph, that in the context of the current drive towards global negotiations it would be illogical to appear to reject economic intervention, which most countries would in fact welcome. The formula "economic blockade" would be more acceptable. The amendment to paragraph 1 should, in her view, be worded in French as "quelle que soit sa forme". 72. Mr. 0ISU0Y (Mongolia) said that the new wording had already been adopted by the General Assembly in paragraph 3 of resolution 31/91, A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 20 (Mr. Oisuoy. Mongolia) which referred to "any act of military, political, economic or other form of intervention" in the internal affairs of States. 73. The Australian proposal to amend paragraph 5 was too far-reaching to be acceptable to the sponsors. With regard to the question of the financial implications, she said a careful reading of document A/C.3/36/L.29 would show that the cost of the proposed seminars would be absorbed within the budgetary resources already requested. 74. Mr. MAKKI (Oman) proposed that the word "all" should be inserted before "countries" in the last line of the seventh preambular paragraph. 75. Mr. YUSUF (Somalia) expressed support for the Moroccan proposal to the word "economic" from the proposed amendment to the sixth preambular paragraph. 76. Mr. OBADI (Democratic Yemen) stressed the need to maintain the word "economic" in the amendment made to the sixth preambular paragraph. 77. Mrs. WARZAZI (Morocco) suggested that the amendment to the sixth preambular paragraph should be reworded to read "military" intervention and economic and political pressures". 78. The CHAIRMAN proposed that consideration of the draft resolution should be deferred in order 15 allow the representatives of Mongolia to consult with the sponsors. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.28 79. Mr. VELLA (Malta), introducing the draft resolution, said that paragraph 5 had been amended to read "Requests the Secretary-General to use the Trust Fund for the' World Assembly on Aging to encourage further interest in the field of aging among developing countries, particularly the least developed among them, within the context of the World Assembly on Aging" and that the operative verb "calls upon" in paragraph 9 had been replaced by "invites". 80. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) announced that Uruguay, Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau had become co-sponsors of the draft resolution. 81. The CHAIRMAN said that if there was no objection, he would take it that the Committee wished to adopt the draft resolution without a vote. 82. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.28, as amended, was adopted without a vote. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 21 AGENDA ITEM 84: WORLD ASSEMBLY On AGING (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1 and L.25) 83. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) drew attention to a further statement on the financial implications of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.25, as orally revised, which was to be issued as document A/C.3/36/L.25/Rev.1. 84. Mr. BYKOV (Soviet Union) said that it was usual to have financial implications in written form before adopting resolutions and suggested that the Secretariat should be asked to provide the revised document in that form as soon as possible. AGENDA ITEM 90: CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT (continued) (A/C.3/36/L.22 and L.24) 85. Mrs. STREDEL (Venezuela) said that after consultations, a number of amendments to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.22 had been agreed upon, in the hope that it could be adopted by consensus. The amendments particularly affected the fifth preambular paragraph and paragraph 5, of which she read out the new draft texts. The former would now recall General Assembly resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI), containing the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, which was one of the principal guarantees of the creation of better conditions for all peoples to live a life of human dignity. The latter would request the Secretary-General to co-operate closely on matters of crime prevention with all competent bodies of the United Nations, in particular with the regional commissions and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, in taking the steps needed to supervise the full implementation of the Caracas Declaration and to prepare properly for the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. Lastly, wherever there was a reference to the New International Economic Order, the' expression was to be written with initial capitals. 86. Mrs. DOWNING (Secretary of the Committee) said that Guatemala had joined the sponsors of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.22, as amended. 87. Mr. YUSUF (Somalia) suggested drafting amendments to paragraphs 3 and 4 of the draft resolution, substituting "their" for "the" in the first line of the former and "encourage" for "of" in the final clause of the latter. 88. The CHAIRMAN, after a lengthy discussion of textual points which ended with acceptance of the Somali amendments by the sponsors and with agreement that references in the resolution to a New International Economic Order should accord with the precedent set by General Assembly resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI), said A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 22 (The Chairman) that since there appeared to be no consensus on draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.22, as revised, a vote would have to be taken. 89. Mr. SIBAY (Turkey) speaking in explanation of vote before the vote, said his delegation was convinced that a relationship might exist between some forms of criminality, crime prevention and criminal justice on the one hand and socio-economic development on the other. However, it also felt that criminality, crime prevention and criminal justice were too complex to be related in all cases to economic factors. Accordingly, although his delegation would vote for the draft resolution, it wished its reservation with respect to paragraph 2 of the text to be noted. 90. Ms. RITTERHOFF (United States) said that although her Government fully shared the concern expressed in the first preambular paragraph over the escalation of crime and violence in many parts of the world and strongly supported the preparations for the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, it did not view the draft resolution as a meritorious means of dealing with those matters. Paragraph 2 seemed designed to limit consideration of crime prevention and criminal justice to an economic-development context which stressed a New International Economic Order. That linkage, which was repeated in paragraph 6, suggested that the elimination of crime must await a restructuring of the world economic system. There was also an unacceptable direct linkage through the fifth preambular paragraph to the cited resolutions of the sixth special session of the General Assembly, concerning which her country's, position was well known. Accordingly, her delegation would abstain in the vote on the draft resolution. 91. The CHAIRMAN invited the Committee to vote on draft Resolution A/C.3/36/L.22, as amended. 92. The draft resolution, as amended, was adopted by 136 votes to none, with 1 abstention. AGENDA ITEM 90: CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/C.3/36/L.22 and L.24) Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.24 93. The CHAIRMAN said that if there was no objection, he would take it that the Committee wished to adopt the draft resolution without a vote. 94. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.22 was adopted without a vote. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 23 AGENDA ITEM 78: NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ACHIEVING FAR-REACHING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOCIAL PROGRESS: REPORT J OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/C.3/36/L.27) 95. Mrs. IDER (Mongolia), speaking on behalf of the sponsor, of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27, said that they had decided to maintain the previous wording for the sixth preambular paragraph. It reproduced the wording of the corresponding preambular paragraph in General Assembly resolution 31/38, with an addition made after consultation with the Pakistani delegation. The sponsors attached particular importance to economic Intervention, but they were prepared to include the word "pressure" as well, so that the phrase concerned would read "military, political and economic intervention and pressure". 96. The sponsors were unable to accept the amendment to paragraph 5 suggested by Australia, feeling that it was not consistent with the intention of paragraph 5. That paragraph referred to the preparation of a report on national experience, but Australia wanted the report to be on the consequences of military intervention. Paragraph 5 must be consistent with the other preambular and operative paragraphs. The sixth preambular paragraph listed a number of obstacles to the economic and social progress of peoples, and it was not appropriate to refer in paragraph 5 to only one of those obstacles, military intervention. After consultation with the Australian delegation, the sponsors wished to take account of Australia's views by including the words "and for safeguarding national independence" in the third line of paragraph 5 after the words "social progress". 97. Miss WELLS (Australia) thanked the sponsors for their co-operation in agreeing to a compromise solution on paragraph 5. however, her delegation still had some difficulties with paragraph 4 and she therefore requested a separate vote on that paragraph. 98. Mrs. IDER (Mongolia) said that the word "all" had been inserted in the sixth preambular paragraph, before the word "obstacles" in the first line, so that the paragraph now read: "Desirous of securing speedy and complete removal of all obstacles to the economic and social progress of peoples, especially colonialism, racism, racial discrimination, apartheid, military, political and economic intervention and pressures, foreign aggression and occupation or alien domination, as well as all forms of inequality and exploitation of peoples". 99. The last part of the seventh preambular paragraph had been amended to read: "favourable international conditions for the socio-economic development of all countries, in particular of developing ones." A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 24 (Mrs. Ider, Mongolia) 100. In paragraph 1 the words "in whatever form it takes" had been added at the end. 101. In paragraph 3, the words "calls upon" had been replaced by the word "invites". 102. In paragraph 5, the words "safeguarding national independence" had been added after the words "social progress" in the third line. 103. the CHAIRMAN recalled that the representative of Australia had requested a separate vote on paragraph 4 of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27. 104. Paragraph 4 of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27 was adopted by 93 votes to 1. with 30 abstentions. 105. The CHAIRMAN invited the Committee to vote on draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27. as amended, as a whole. 106. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.27, as amended, as a whole, was adopted by 133 votes to 1, with 2 abstentions, AGENDA ITEM 84: WORLD ASSEMBLY OH AGING: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL (A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1) - . .¦ 107. The CHAIRMAN said that if there was no objection, he would take it that the Committee wished to adopt draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1 without a vote. 108. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1 was adopted without a vote. 109. The CHAIRMAN invited those representatives who wished to do so to speak in explanation of their votes on the various draft resolutions that had been adopted. 110. Mr. NORDENFELT (Sweden) speaking on behalf of the five Nordic countries, said that those countries had voted in favour of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2 but wished to make some comments. All five countries had ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which embodied everyone's right to work. It was therefore unnecessary and misleading to speak of young people's right to work as a separate issue. Article 6 of the Covenant referred to measures that could be taken to promote the right to work. The Nordic countries believed that the problem of youth unemployment should be solved not by legislation but by economic policy aimed at full employment and by flexible training programmes. 111. Mrs. LORANGER (Canada) said that her delegation had abstained in the vote on draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2 on measures for A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 25 (Mrs. Loranger, Canada) securing the rights of youth, with special regard for the right to work. Canada recognized that the needs of youth were very important, especially their need for work, and because of the economic situation, Canada had adopted many special youth employment measures. Her delegation hoped that national and international efforts during the International Youth Year would help countries to find solutions to the problem of youth unemployment However, Canada did not believe, for the same reasons as those given by the representative of Sweden, in codifying the rights of youth. Human rights applied to all members of the human race, including young people. 112. Turning to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.26 on the co-operative movement, she said that that movement was highly developed in Canada. However, her delegation could not agree that the General Assembly should ask the Secretary-General to prepare a detailed report on national experience in promoting the co-operative movement, since a report on the subject had just been presented and the situation was not likely to change very much in two years. There appeared to be no justification for increasing the workload of the Secretariat, which was already fully occupied. 113. Mr. FURSLAKD (United Kingdom), speaking on behalf of the countries off the European Economic Community (EEC), said he wished to explain the vote of those countries on five of the draft resolutions that had been adopted. 114. With respect to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.15, he said it was the understanding of the delegations for which he spoke that the costs set forth in paragraph 10 of document A/36/215/Add.1 could be met from existing funds through the internal redeployment of staff and resources. 115. With respect to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2. the EEC countries believed that the amendments proposed by Morocco and Sweden were constructive, and they welcomed the spirit of co-operation demonstrated by the adoption of those amendments by the Committee. However, the EEC countries had some reservations about the text, particularly on the grounds of selectivity and inadequate definition of terms. With respect to the fourth preambular paragraph, the EEC countries regarded the proposed codification inappropriate and unnecessary. 116. Turning to draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.22, he said that paragraph 6 seemed to suggest a review of crime prevention and criminal justice solely in the context of development needs, the goals of the International Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade, the New International Economic Order and the A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 26 (Mr. Furslandr United Kingdom) principles of social justice, but the EEC countries did not consider those the only criteria for defining new guiding principles for the future course of crime prevention and criminal justice. They hoped that the Committee on Crime Prevention and Control would take a broad view in defining those principles and would take account of other factors, 117. With respect to the draft resolutions on national experience in promoting the co-operative movement (A/C.3/36/L.26) and national experience in achieving far-reaching social and economic changes for the purpose of social progress (A/C.3/36/L.27), he said that although the EEC countries had voted for them, they had reservations about paragraphs 3 and 4 of the former and paragraphs 5 and 6 of the latter. Paragraph 3 of A/C.3/36/L.26 and paragraph 5 of A/C.3/36/L.27 asked the Secretary-General to prepare further reports on the two subjects concerned. In view of the great pressure on the Secretariat resources, the EEC countries felt that the Third Committee should exercise restraint in asking for reports, particularly in view of their financial implications. Those countries also had reservations about the proposal in paragraph 6 of each of the draft resolutions to include in the provisional agenda of the General Assembly's thirty-eighth session a separate item on national experience in achieving far-reaching social and and economic changes for the purpose of social progress. The Third Committee's agenda was already overloaded, and the EEC countries believed that the item in question was likely to lead neither to a productive debate nor to substantive or productive resolutions. It would be more appropriate to include the subject in the item on the world social situation. 113. Mr. CAPPAGLI (Argentina) said that his delegation had joined in the consensus on draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.24, since it agreed with the general lines of the document. However, the drafting of paragraph 5 was unclear. Argentina did not believe that the activity requested in that paragraph was one that the Secretary-General could properly undertake; in any case, the Secretary-General's functions were defined in the Charter, and it was inappropriate for the Third Committee to make recommendations on the subject. 119. Ms. RITTERHOFF (United States of America) said that she wished to explain her delegation's vote on draft resolutions A/C.3/36/L.15, A/C.3/36/L.20, A/C.3/36/L.26 and A/C.3/36/L.27. The United States had joined in the consensus on the draft resolution in International Youth Year (A/C.3/36/L.15) but wished to stress that the Secretary-General should make every effort to ensure that the costs set forth in paragraph 10 of document A/36/215/Add.1 were met from the funds of the proposed programme budget by the redeployment of staff and resources. 120. It was regrettable that draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2, on measures for securing the human rights of youth, had been A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 27 (Ms. Ritterhoff, United States of America) politicised by the insertion of the phrase, "right to work", whose use was intended to promote the supposed benefits of the centralized command economy, based on compulsion The aims of the International Youth Year were not well served by the introduction pf that divisive issue. The United States was fully committed to the expansion of employment for young people under conditions guaranteeing their dignity and rights; that required an economic and political system which would guarantee the fundamental rights and freedoms not only of young people but of all people, including the strategic freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly and association, and the right to earn a living by work freely chosen or accepted. Since the draft resolution did not fully embrace those freedoms, the. United States had abstained in the vote. 121. Turning to the draft resolutions on national experience in promoting the co-operative movement (A/C.3/36/L.26) and national experience in achieving far-reaching social and economic changes for the purpose of social progress (A/C.3/36/L.27), she said that her delegation was opposed to new proposals which meant the additional expenditure of United States funds, as did paragraph 3 of draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.26. The United States also objected to the intent of promoting political objectives that went far beyond the exchange of national experience in the co-operative movement, objectives which appeared to include drastic changes in the countryside, of the type that had taken place in some of the countries sponsoring the draft resolutions and had caused untold human suffering. Her delegation had therefore voted against those draft resolutions. 122. Mr- BYKOV (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) said that his delegation had either voted for or joined in the consensus on draft resolutions A/C.3/36/L.15, A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2, A/C.3/36/L.26 and A/C.3/36/L.27. Draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.20/Rev.2 was of great importance, since it dealt with highly significant human rights which were embodied in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. His delegation had also voted for draft resolutions A/C.3/36/L.26 and A/C.3/367/L.27, believing that they would facilitate the work of the United Nations in that area; their subject matter was important to the economic and social progress of all States and the guaranteeing of the economic independence of States. The two draft resolutions had been strongly supported by the developing countries and sponsored by many of them. He hoped that in future the Secretariat would report on the financial implications of draft resolutions in writing as early as possible, so that they could be considered at the same time as the draft resolutions. A/C.3/36/SR.29 English Page 23 (Mr. Bykov, USSR) 123. His delegation had agreed to the adoption of draft resolutions A/C.3/36/L.15 and A/C.3/36/L.18/Rev.1 on the understanding that the financing of their implementation would not require additional funds from the regular budget of the Organization but could be arranged through the redeployment of resources and the elimination of secondary, inefficient or obsolete programmes, as stipulated in a number of General Assembly resolutions. 124. The CHAIRMAN pointed out that when draft resolutions were revised, the financial implications also had to be revised. The original financial implications had been available at the same time as the original draft resolutions. 125. He informed the Committee that draft resolution A/C.3/36/L.19 was not before the Committee because it had been withdrawn by the sponsor. 126. He said that the Committee had now concluded its consideration of items 76, 77, 78, 80, 84 and 90. ORGANIZATION OF WORK 127. The CHAIRMAN said the officers of the Committee had decided that the list of speakers on agenda items 73 and 79 should be closed on 30 October at 6 p.m. ; if there was no objection, he would take it that the Committee wished to endorse that decision. 128. It was so decided. The meeting rose at 8.30 p.m.